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Principal cells in the distal tubules and collecting duct A) secrete renin B) respond to ADH and aldosterone C) respond to ADH only D) respond to aldosterone only

Question

Principal cells in the distal tubules and collecting duct A) secrete renin B) respond to ADH and aldosterone C) respond to ADH only D) respond to aldosterone only

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Solution

The correct answer is B) Principal cells in the distal tubules and collecting duct respond to ADH and aldosterone.

Here's why:

  1. Principal cells are found in the distal tubules and collecting duct of the kidney. Their main function is to maintain the body's balance of water and electrolytes.

  2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone are hormones that these cells respond to.

  3. ADH, also known as vasopressin, is released by the pituitary gland. It acts on the principal cells to increase water reabsorption, thus concentrating the urine and reducing its volume.

  4. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It acts on the principal cells to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium, which indirectly influences water reabsorption and blood pressure.

  5. Therefore, principal cells in the distal tubules and collecting duct respond to both ADH and aldosterone to regulate water and electrolyte balance in the body.

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