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Damming the Kaveri River would provide irrigation for the dry land in its upstream areas; unfortunately, a dam would reduce agricultural productivity in the fertile land downstream by reducing the availability and quality of the water there. The productivity loss in the downstream area would be greater than the productivity gain upstream, so building a dam would yield no overall gain in agricultural productivity in the region as a whole.The reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which one of the following?radio_button_uncheckedDisease-causing bacteria in eggs can be destroyed by overcooking the eggs, but the eggs then become much less appetizing; health is more important than taste, however, it is better to overcook eggs than not to do so.radio_button_uncheckedIncreasing the price of transatlantic telephone calls will discourage many private individuals from making them. But since most transatlantic telephone calls are made by businesses, not by private individuals, a rate increase will not reduce telephone company profits.radio_button_uncheckedA new highway will allow suburban commuters to reach the city more quickly, but not without causing increased delays within the city that will more than offset any time saved on the highway. Therefore, the highway will not reduce suburban commuters’ overall commuting time.radio_button_uncheckedDoctors can prescribe antibiotics for many minor illnesses, but antibiotics are expensive, and these illnesses can often be cured by rest alone. Therefore, it is better to rest at home than to see a doctor for these illnesses.

Question

Damming the Kaveri River would provide irrigation for the dry land in its upstream areas; unfortunately, a dam would reduce agricultural productivity in the fertile land downstream by reducing the availability and quality of the water there. The productivity loss in the downstream area would be greater than the productivity gain upstream, so building a dam would yield no overall gain in agricultural productivity in the region as a whole.The reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which one of the following?radio_button_uncheckedDisease-causing bacteria in eggs can be destroyed by overcooking the eggs, but the eggs then become much less appetizing; health is more important than taste, however, it is better to overcook eggs than not to do so.radio_button_uncheckedIncreasing the price of transatlantic telephone calls will discourage many private individuals from making them. But since most transatlantic telephone calls are made by businesses, not by private individuals, a rate increase will not reduce telephone company profits.radio_button_uncheckedA new highway will allow suburban commuters to reach the city more quickly, but not without causing increased delays within the city that will more than offset any time saved on the highway. Therefore, the highway will not reduce suburban commuters’ overall commuting time.radio_button_uncheckedDoctors can prescribe antibiotics for many minor illnesses, but antibiotics are expensive, and these illnesses can often be cured by rest alone. Therefore, it is better to rest at home than to see a doctor for these illnesses.

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Solution

The reasoning in the argument about the damming of the Kaveri River most closely parallels the reasoning in the statement about the new highway. Both arguments present a situation where an action (building a dam or a new highway) could provide a benefit (irrigation for dry land or a quicker commute for suburban residents), but this action would also have a negative effect (reducing agricultural productivity downstream or causing increased delays within the city) that outweighs the initial benefit. Therefore, in both cases, the overall effect of the action would be negative or neutral, not positive.

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