1)Structure of Prokaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of their structure:

1. Cell Wall: This is the outer layer of a prokaryotic cell. It protects the cell and gives it shape. It is made up of peptidoglycan in bacteria and pseudopeptidoglycan in archaea.

2. Plasma Membrane: This is located inside the cell wall. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

3. Cytoplasm: This is a jelly-like substance inside the plasma membrane where all the cell's metabolic activities occur. It contains all the enzymes needed for these activities.

4. Nucleoid: This is the region in the cytoplasm where the cell's DNA is located. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, so their DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

5. Ribosomes: These are structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made. They are smaller in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells.

6. Plasmids: These are small, circular pieces of DNA that are separate from the main DNA in the nucleoid. They can replicate independently and can be transferred from one cell to another, which is how antibiotic resistance can spread among bacteria.

7. Flagella and Pili: These are structures on the outside of the cell that help it move and attach to surfaces. Not all prokaryotic cells have these.

8. Capsule: Some prokaryotic cells have a capsule outside the cell wall. This is a sticky layer that helps the cell stick to surfaces and protects it from drying out and from being engulfed by other cells.

This is a general structure of a prokaryotic cell. The exact structure can vary depending on the specific type of prokaryote.