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states that gender-typing emerges as children gradually develop gender schema of what is gender appropriate and inappropriate in their culture.

Question

states that gender-typing emerges as children gradually develop gender schema of what is gender appropriate and inappropriate in their culture.

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Solution

The statement you provided refers to the Gender Schema Theory. This theory, proposed by psychologist Sandra Bem in 1981, suggests that children learn about male and female roles from the society in which they live, and adjust their behavior accordingly. Here are the steps of how this theory works:

  1. Observation: Children observe the people around them, noticing the different behaviors of men and women. They are exposed to various gender roles and stereotypes through their family, school, media, and other sources of socialization.

  2. Internalization: Children internalize these observed behaviors and stereotypes, forming a cognitive framework or "schema" about what is considered appropriate for each gender.

  3. Identification: Children identify themselves as male or female, and align their behavior with the gender schema they have developed. They start to prefer activities, toys, and attitudes that they perceive as appropriate for their gender.

  4. Reinforcement: The gender-typed behaviors are often reinforced by social rewards (like praise) or punishments (like ridicule), further strengthening the gender schema.

  5. Application: Children apply their gender schema to their everyday life, influencing their preferences, behaviors, and self-concept. They also use this schema to interpret and organize new information about gender roles.

In summary, the Gender Schema Theory suggests that gender-typing emerges not from biological factors, but from cognitive development and socialization processes.

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