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Suppose that last year $30 billion in new loans were extended by banks while $50 billion in old loans were paid off by borrowers. What happened to the money supply?

Question

Suppose that last year 30billioninnewloanswereextendedbybankswhile30 billion in new loans were extended by banks while 50 billion in old loans were paid off by borrowers. What happened to the money supply?

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Solution

The money supply decreased. Here's why:

  1. When banks extend new loans, they are essentially creating new money. This is because the money they lend out is not taken from existing deposits, but is instead created out of thin air. So, when 30billioninnewloanswereextended,thisincreasedthemoneysupplyby30 billion in new loans were extended, this increased the money supply by 30 billion.

  2. However, when loans are paid off, the opposite happens. The money used to repay the loans is effectively destroyed, reducing the money supply. So, when 50billioninoldloanswerepaidoff,thisdecreasedthemoneysupplyby50 billion in old loans were paid off, this decreased the money supply by 50 billion.

  3. To find the net effect on the money supply, we subtract the amount of money destroyed (through loan repayments) from the amount of money created (through new loans). In this case, that's 30billion(fromnewloans)minus30 billion (from new loans) minus 50 billion (from loan repayments), which equals -$20 billion.

  4. Therefore, the money supply decreased by $20 billion last year.

This problem has been solved

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