Bartoleme de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda"These people are the most guileless, the most devoid of wickedness and duplicity, the most obedient and faithful to their native masters and to the Spanish Christians whom they serve. They are by nature the most humble, patient, and peaceable, holding no grudges, free from embroilments, neither excitable nor quarrelsome.…They are… very apt to receive our holy Catholic faith, to be endowed with virtuous customs, and to behave in a godly fashion. Yet into this sheepfold, into this land of meek outcasts there came some Spaniards who immediately behaved like ravening wild beasts, wolves, tigers, or lions that had been starved for many days."de las Casas, Bartolome. An Account, Much Abbreviated, of the Destruction of the Indies with Related Texts. Ed. Franklin Knight. Trans. Andrew Hurley. N.p.: Hackett, 2003. Print."The Spanish have a perfect right to rule these barbarians of the New World and the adjacent islands, who in prudence, skill, virtues, and humanity are as inferior to the Spanish as children to adults, or women to men; for there exists between the two as great a difference as between savage and cruel races and the most merciful, between the most intemperate [lacking in self-control] and the moderate and temperate, and, I might even say, between apes and men."Sepulveda, Juan Gines De. "Democrates II, or Concerning the Just Causes of the War Against the Indians." http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/CCREAD/sepulved.htmThe excerpts above were written in response to which of the following?Elimination ToolSelect one answerAGrowing concerns over the treatment of Native Americans by Spanish plantation owners.BThe large-scale assaults on Spanish settlements by the Aztec and Incan armies.CThe growth of the African slave trade due to the high demand for labor.DThe growing rivalry between the Spanish and Portuguese concerning land claims in the New World.

This reflection of Bartolome de las Casas most strongly supports which of the following statements concerning Spanish brutality in the Indies?

Who was Bartolomeo de Las Casas?Group of answer choicesthe Pope who constructed the Treaty of Tordesillas between Portugal and Spainthe Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incaa Catholic Priest who served in Latin Americathe creator of the Castas system

Bartolomé de las Casas, OP (US: /lɑːs ˈkɑːsəs/ lahs KAH-səs; Spanish: [baɾtoloˈme ðe las ˈkasas] i; 11 November 1484[1] – 18 July 1566) was a Spanish clergyman, writer and activist best known for his work as a historian and social reformer. He arrived in Hispaniola as a layman then became a Dominican friar. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.[2]Arriving as one of the first Spanish settlers in the Americas, Las Casas initially participated in, but eventually felt compelled to oppose the abuses committed by European colonists against the indigenous peoples of the Americas.[3] As a result, in 1515 he gave up his Native American slaves and encomienda, and advocated, before Charles V, on behalf of rights for the natives. In his early writings, he advocated the use of African and white slaves instead of Natives in the West Indian colonies but did so without knowing that the Portuguese were carrying out "brutal and unjust wars in the name of spreading the faith".[4] Later in life, he retracted this position, as he regarded both forms of slavery as equally wrong.[5] In 1522, he tried to launch a new kind of peaceful colonialism on the coast of Venezuela, but this venture failed. Las Casas entered the Dominican Order and became a friar, leaving public life for a decade. He traveled to Central America, acting as a missionary among the Maya of Guatemala and participating in debates among colonial churchmen about how best to bring the natives to the Christian faith.Travelling back to Spain to recruit more missionaries, he continued lobbying for the abolition of the encomienda, gaining an important victory by the passage of the New Laws in 1542. He was appointed Bishop of Chiapas, but served only for a short time before he was forced to return to Spain because of resistance to the New Laws by the encomenderos, and conflicts with Spanish settlers because of his pro-Indian policies and activist religious stance. He served in the Spanish court for the remainder of his life; there he held great influence over Indies-related issues. In 1550, he participated in the Valladolid debate, in which Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda argued that the Indians were less than human, and required Spanish masters to become civilized. Las Casas maintained that they were fully human, and that forcefully subjugating them was unjustifiable.Bartolomé de las Casas spent 50 years of his life actively fighting slavery and the colonial abuse of indigenous peoples, especially by trying to convince the Spanish court to adopt a more humane policy of colonization. Unlike some other priests who sought to destroy the indigenous peoples' native books and writings, he strictly opposed this action.[6] Although he did not completely succeed in changing Spanish views on colonization, his efforts did result in improvement of the legal status of the natives, and in an increased colonial focus on the ethics of colonialism.

"The Spanish have a perfect right to rule these barbarians of the New World and the adjacent islands, who in prudence, skill, virtues, and humanity are as inferior to the Spanish as children to adults, or women to men, for there exists between the two as great a difference as between savage and cruel races and the most merciful, between the most intemperate and the moderate and temperate and, I might even say, between apes and men."Sepulveda, Juan Gines de, "Democrates II, or Concerning the Just Causes of the War Against the Indians." In Brown, Elizabeth, and George Barganier. *Race and Crime: Geographies of Injustice. University of California Press, 2018.Which of the following MOST directly impacted the attitudes of Sepulveda and those with opinions similar to him?Elimination ToolSelect one answerAThe failure of the Spanish to successfully put down Native American rebellions.BThe careful study by Spanish intellectuals of Native American cultures.CThe inexperience of the Spanish in dealing with people from Native American cultures.DThe switch from enslaving Native Americans to buying enslaved people from West Africa.

Bartolome de las Casas, 1542"The cause for which the Christians have slain and destroyed so many and such infinite numbers of souls, has been simply to get, as their ultimate end, the Indians’ gold of them, and to stuff themselves with riches. . . owing to the insatiable greed and ambition that they have had, which has been greater than any the world has ever seen before. . . [A]ll the Indians of all the Indies never once did aught hurt or wrong to Christians, but rather held them to be descended from heaven, from the sky, until many times they or their neighbours received from the Christians many acts of wrongful harm, theft, murder, violence, and vexation. . .. I have great hope that the emperor and king of Spain, our lord Don Carlos, the fifth of that name, may come to understand (for until now the truth has always been most industriously covered over) the acts of malice and treachery which have been and still are being done upon those nations and lands, against the will of God and his own."de las Casas, Bartolome. An Account, Much Abbreviated, of the Destruction of the Indies with Related Texts. Ed. Franklin Knight. Trans. Andrew Hurley. N.p.: Hackett, 2003. Print.This reflection of Bartolome de las Casas most strongly supports which of the following statements concerning Spanish brutality in the Indies?Elimination ToolSelect one answerANative Americans held strong racist attitudes towards the Spanish.BNative Americans in the Indies actively resisted Spanish Christianization efforts.CSpanish conquistadors were focused on gaining personal wealth.DThe Spanish feared organized Native American resistance.