The United Nations has taken several significant steps to curb air pollution and mitigate climate change in both underdeveloped and developed nations. Here are some of the key steps:

1. Paris Agreement: The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change, adopted by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016. Its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The UN's SDGs, particularly Goal 13, calls for urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. It encourages countries to implement policies that increase their capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management.

3. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): The UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty adopted in 1992 to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."

4. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): The CDM, under the Kyoto Protocol, allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment to implement an emission-reduction project in developing countries. Such projects can earn certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of CO2, which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets.

5. Green Climate Fund (GCF): The GCF is a fund established within the framework of the UNFCCC to assist developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change. The GCF is based on the principle of just transition, recognizing the need for a paradigm shift towards low-emission and climate-resilient development pathways.

6. Encouraging Renewable Energy: The UN has been encouraging the use of renewable energy sources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are the primary source of greenhouse gases. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) has been working to provide information and assistance to countries seeking to increase their use of renewable energy.

7. Raising Awareness: The UN has been actively involved in raising awareness about the dangers of climate change and the need for action. This includes organizing events like the annual UN Climate Change Conference, publishing reports on the state of global climate, and launching campaigns to educate the public.

8. Promoting Sustainable Practices: The UN promotes sustainable practices in various sectors, including agriculture, forestry, and transportation, to reduce emissions and enhance sinks of greenhouse gases.

9. Advocacy for Policy Changes: The UN advocates for policy changes at the national, regional, and international levels to promote a shift towards a more sustainable and low-carbon economy.

10. Research and Monitoring: The UN conducts and supports research and monitoring of climate change and its effects to inform policy decisions and track progress towards climate goals.

Question

The United Nations has taken several significant steps to curb air pollution and mitigate climate change in both underdeveloped and developed nations. Here are some of the key steps:

1. Paris Agreement: The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change, adopted by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016. Its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The UN's SDGs, particularly Goal 13, calls for urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. It encourages countries to implement policies that increase their capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management.

3. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): The UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty adopted in 1992 to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."

4. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): The CDM, under the Kyoto Protocol, allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment to implement an emission-reduction project in developing countries. Such projects can earn certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of CO2, which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets.

5. Green Climate Fund (GCF): The GCF is a fund established within the framework of the UNFCCC to assist developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change. The GCF is based on the principle of just transition, recognizing the need for a paradigm shift towards low-emission and climate-resilient development pathways.

6. Encouraging Renewable Energy: The UN has been encouraging the use of renewable energy sources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are the primary source of greenhouse gases. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) has been working to provide information and assistance to countries seeking to increase their use of renewable energy.

7. Raising Awareness: The UN has been actively involved in raising awareness about the dangers of climate change and the need for action. This includes organizing events like the annual UN Climate Change Conference, publishing reports on the state of global climate, and launching campaigns to educate the public.

8. Promoting Sustainable Practices: The UN promotes sustainable practices in various sectors, including agriculture, forestry, and transportation, to reduce emissions and enhance sinks of greenhouse gases.

9. Advocacy for Policy Changes: The UN advocates for policy changes at the national, regional, and international levels to promote a shift towards a more sustainable and low-carbon economy.

10. Research and Monitoring: The UN conducts and supports research and monitoring of climate change and its effects to inform policy decisions and track progress towards climate goals.

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