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Drumpf Country Club has the only golf course in Distopia. The (annual)demand to play a round of golf on its course is given byD (p) = 12000  10pwhere D (p) is the number of rounds demanded each year if Drumpf chargeda uniform price of p per round. The marginal cost of having someone playa round of golf is zero and the annual (fixed) cost of maintaining the golfcourse is 1000000.(a) (15 points) Determine the optimal uniform price for Drumpf tocharge for a round of golf. Compare the welfare of golfers and Drumpfin this situation compared to what would have been the case if the pricehad been set equal to the marginal cost (and the fixed cost had beencovered by a subsidy from the Distopian Government). What is thedeadweight loss that arises from Drumpf employing monopoly uniformpricing instead of having marginal-cost pricing. (NOTE: you shouldtreat the quantity D (p) as a continuous variable. This meansyou should evaluate welfare measures such as consumer andproducer surpluses as areas below continuous curves.)Drumpf undertakes some market research and finds that its market demandcomes from the aggregation of the demands of 100 golfers who each have an1identical demand for rounds of golf given byxh (p) = 120  p10where xh (p) is the number of rounds of golf demanded by golfer h, h =1, . . . , 100.(b) (10 points) Imagine you have been hired by Drumpf as a consultantto help it maximize profit. In light of the information above, explainhow by not charging golfers for each individual round of golf they playbut rather charging them a golf club membership fee that allows themember to play an unlimited number of rounds of golf can increaseDrumpf’s profit. Calculate the optimal membership fee to charge andcarefully explain what impact this would have on the number of roundsof golf demanded and Drumpf’s profit.For the rest of this question assume that instead of all golfers being identical,there are two types of golfers, “tragics” and “dilettantes”. There are fifty ofeach type and the demand of a tragic is given byxT (p) = 160  p10 ,while that of a dilettante is given byxD (p) = 80  p10 .Unfortunately for Drumpf, it is not possible to tell beforehand whether agolfer is of either type.(c) (5 points) Explain to Drumpf, what is the most it can set for its(fixed) membership fee if it wishes to attract both types of golfers.(d) (10 points) Explain to Drumpf how it can still have the same aggre-gate demand for rounds of golf but get more from the tragics if it o§ersdi§erent classes of memberships that entitles a golfer to play di§erentamounts of rounds of golf for the di§erent classes. [Hint: consider astandard membership that allows a golfer to play 80 rounds of golf,and a gold membership that at a higher price entitles the golfer toplay as many rounds as they wish. What is the most that a dilettanteis willing to pay for a standard (quantity limited) membership? Andgiven the fee for standard membership, what is the most that a tragicwould be willing to pay to be allowed to play an unlimited number ofrounds of golf?]2(e) (10 points) Without doing any explicit calculations, explain the in-tuition behind how Drumpf could increase its profit even more if thestandard membership only entitled the member to play fewer than 80rounds of golf.

Question

Drumpf Country Club has the only golf course in Distopia. The (annual)demand to play a round of golf on its course is given byD (p) = 12000  10pwhere D (p) is the number of rounds demanded each year if Drumpf chargeda uniform price of p per round. The marginal cost of having someone playa round of golf is zero and the annual (fixed) cost of maintaining the golfcourse is 1000000.(a) (15 points) Determine the optimal uniform price for Drumpf tocharge for a round of golf. Compare the welfare of golfers and Drumpfin this situation compared to what would have been the case if the pricehad been set equal to the marginal cost (and the fixed cost had beencovered by a subsidy from the Distopian Government). What is thedeadweight loss that arises from Drumpf employing monopoly uniformpricing instead of having marginal-cost pricing. (NOTE: you shouldtreat the quantity D (p) as a continuous variable. This meansyou should evaluate welfare measures such as consumer andproducer surpluses as areas below continuous curves.)Drumpf undertakes some market research and finds that its market demandcomes from the aggregation of the demands of 100 golfers who each have an1identical demand for rounds of golf given byxh (p) = 120  p10where xh (p) is the number of rounds of golf demanded by golfer h, h =1, . . . , 100.(b) (10 points) Imagine you have been hired by Drumpf as a consultantto help it maximize profit. In light of the information above, explainhow by not charging golfers for each individual round of golf they playbut rather charging them a golf club membership fee that allows themember to play an unlimited number of rounds of golf can increaseDrumpf’s profit. Calculate the optimal membership fee to charge andcarefully explain what impact this would have on the number of roundsof golf demanded and Drumpf’s profit.For the rest of this question assume that instead of all golfers being identical,there are two types of golfers, “tragics” and “dilettantes”. There are fifty ofeach type and the demand of a tragic is given byxT (p) = 160  p10 ,while that of a dilettante is given byxD (p) = 80  p10 .Unfortunately for Drumpf, it is not possible to tell beforehand whether agolfer is of either type.(c) (5 points) Explain to Drumpf, what is the most it can set for its(fixed) membership fee if it wishes to attract both types of golfers.(d) (10 points) Explain to Drumpf how it can still have the same aggre-gate demand for rounds of golf but get more from the tragics if it o§ersdi§erent classes of memberships that entitles a golfer to play di§erentamounts of rounds of golf for the di§erent classes. [Hint: consider astandard membership that allows a golfer to play 80 rounds of golf,and a gold membership that at a higher price entitles the golfer toplay as many rounds as they wish. What is the most that a dilettanteis willing to pay for a standard (quantity limited) membership? Andgiven the fee for standard membership, what is the most that a tragicwould be willing to pay to be allowed to play an unlimited number ofrounds of golf?]2(e) (10 points) Without doing any explicit calculations, explain the in-tuition behind how Drumpf could increase its profit even more if thestandard membership only entitled the member to play fewer than 80rounds of golf.

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Solution

This is a complex economics problem that involves understanding demand functions, pricing strategies, and market segmentation. Let's break it down step by step:

(a) The demand function is D(p) = 12000 - 10p. To find the optimal price, we need to set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost (which is zero). The revenue function is R(p) = pD(p) = p(12000 - 10p) = 12000p - 10p^2. The marginal revenue function is the derivative of the revenue function, MR(p) = 12000 - 20p. Setting this equal to zero gives p = 600. This is the optimal price to charge for a round of golf. The welfare of golfers and Drumpf would be higher if the price was set equal to the marginal cost (zero), because more rounds of golf would be played. The deadweight loss from monopoly pricing is the area of the triangle formed by the demand curve, the marginal cost line, and the line at the monopoly price, which can be calculated using the formula for the area of a triangle.

(b) If Drumpf charges a membership fee instead of a per-round fee, it can increase its profit by capturing more of the consumer surplus. The optimal membership fee is the price at which the total consumer surplus (the area under the demand curve above the price line) is maximized. This would increase the number of rounds of golf demanded and Drumpf's profit.

(c) The most Drumpf can set for its membership fee is the price at which the demand of the golfer with the lower willingness to pay (the dilettante) is zero. This is found by setting the dilettante's demand function equal to zero and solving for p.

(d) Drumpf can offer different classes of memberships to extract more consumer surplus from the tragics. The price of the standard membership should be set at the maximum price the dilettante is willing to pay for 80 rounds of golf, and the price of the gold membership should be set at the maximum price the tragic is willing to pay for unlimited golf, given the price of the standard membership.

(e) If the standard membership entitled the member to play fewer than 80 rounds of golf, Drumpf could increase its profit even more by capturing more of the consumer surplus from the tragics. The tragics would be willing to pay more for the gold membership to play more rounds of golf, and Drumpf could capture this additional willingness to pay.

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