What are the controls affecting the climate of India
Question
What are the controls affecting the climate of India
Solution
The climate of India is controlled by several factors:
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Latitude: India's location in the tropical region greatly influences its climate. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of India, making the southern part of India closer to the equator and therefore hotter, while the northern part experiences a more temperate climate.
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Altitude: The altitude of a place also affects its climate. Higher altitudes, like the Himalayan region, are colder, while lower regions, like the coastal areas, are warmer.
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Distance from the Sea: The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal greatly influence the climate of India. Coastal regions have a maritime climate, which is more moderate, while the interior regions have a more extreme climate.
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Ocean Currents: The warm and cold ocean currents also affect the climate. The warm currents increase the temperature of the coastal regions, while the cold currents decrease it.
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Monsoon Winds: The monsoon winds play a significant role in the climate of India. The southwest monsoon brings most of the rainfall during the year, while the northeast monsoon, also known as the retreating monsoon, brings rainfall to the southeastern coast.
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Western Disturbances: These are weather phenomena originating from the Mediterranean region that bring winter and spring rainfall to northwestern India.
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Jet Streams: These are a type of air current found in the upper levels of the atmosphere. They affect the climate by influencing the direction and strength of monsoon winds.
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El Nino and La Nina: These are part of a cycle of changes in ocean temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. They can cause changes in the monsoon patterns, affecting the climate of India.
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Relief Features: The physical features of India, such as the Himalayas, Thar Desert, Western Ghats, and Eastern Ghats, also influence its climate by affecting the direction and amount of monsoon winds.
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Human Activities: Human activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, and pollution, also affect the climate by causing global warming and climate change.
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In India, a majority of farmers are marginal and small, less educated and possess low adaptive capabilities to climate change, perhaps because of credit and other constraints. So, one cannot expect autonomous adaptation to climate change. Even if it was possible, it would not be sufficient to offset losses from climate change. To deal with this, adaptation to climate change is paramount, alongside a fast mitigation response. Another solution is to have a planned or policy-driven adaptation, which would require the government to come up with policy recommendations. Perception is a necessary prerequisite for adaptation. Whether farmers are adapting agricultural practices to climate change depends on whether they perceive it or not. However, this is not always enough for adaptation. It is important how a farmer perceives the risks associated with climate change.Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage?(a) Adaptation to climate change and mitigation response are basically the responsibilities of the government.(b) Climate change causes a change in government policies regarding land use patterns in the country.(c) Risk perceptions of farmers are important for motivating them for taking adaptation decisions.(d) Since mitigation is not possible, governments should come up with policies for quick response to climate change.
The above mentioned map showcases the various seasons that are experienced across states in India. A key focus of the map is on the onset and retreat of the South West Monsoons in the country across various states and regions.The climates of India are mainly divided into four different groups. The classification of these groups is based on the Koppen climate classification system.Tropical Wet (Humid):The tropical wet (humid) climate group in India is separated into two subparts: the tropical wet and dry climate, often known as the savannah climate, and the tropical monsoon climate. A tropical monsoon climate prevails in the Western Ghats, the Malabar Coast, southern Assam, Lakshadweep, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. It has seasonally significant rain and moderate to high temperatures. The wettest months are May through November, and the rain that falls during this time is more than enough for vegetation to grow all year. The most typical climate in the nation is the savannah climate or a tropical wet and dry climate. Except for some areas of the Western Ghats, it is most prevalent throughout the country's inland peninsula. The humid summer months last from June to September, and they are extremely hot.Tropical Dry:There are three subgroups of the tropical dry climate group: (a) tropical semi-arid (steppe), (b) subtropical arid (desert), and (c) subtropical semi-arid (steppe). The tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate is found in Karnataka, central Maharashtra, some regions of Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. In this type of environment, rainfall is quite unpredictable, and the hot, dry summers last from March through May. Western Rajasthan experiences a subtropical arid (desert) climate with irregular and sparse rainfall. The sub-tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate is present in the tropical desert regions that stretch from Punjab and Haryana to Kathiawar. In this environment, the summertime high temperature can reach 40°C, while rains are unpredictable and typically fall during the summer monsoon season.Subtropical Humid Climate:The majority of northern and northeastern India experiences this climate. Summers are quite hot, and winters can see temperatures as low as 0°C. The majority of the time, rain falls in the summer, however certain places also have snowfall or sporadic rain throughout the winter. The hottest months are May and June, while frost can sometimes be found in the winter for a few months.Mountain Climate:: In the Himalayas, the temperature drops by 0.6°C for every 100 m of elevation gain, resulting in a variety of climates, from tropical to tundra. The northern side of the western Himalayas, known as the trans-Himalayan region, is chilly, dry, and windswept. In contrast to the well-exposed slopes, the leeward side of the mountains experiences less rain. The months of December through February saw the most snowfall.Answer the following questions based on data collection and visualisation of data, using MS-Excel.Hotel_Dataset.(click to download).Which state has the highest number of hotels? Depict this via a bar graph that compares all states.Which states have three types of climatic conditions? (convert the map, an unstructured data, to an Excel file in a structured format and mention the number of climates along with the state)Among the northeastern states which are best to set up a hotel? Use Clustered Column Chart and give recommendations for hotel industry investors.Customise the pivot charts to add/change the fields in the fields list with other fields and by using chart styles to customise the charts. (choose the data and parameters according to your choice)Which is the best state for setting up a hotel? Why?What is the average number of days the rainy season lasts in Indian states?Instruction SetStudy the map and draw out key indicating parameters in a list format. Also, think about other parameters that indirectly affect our goal.Collection of data.Do descriptive and diagnostic analysis to fill the missing data points and scan the outliers.Creation of separate sheets for each question and creating pivot tables accordingly.Draw out conclusions by observing the visual charts made from the pivot tables.All the best! Submit your answers in a PDF file
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