Which of these examples of samples is appropriate for a paired t-test?Question 7Answera.The pupils in a boys’ school, and in a girls’ school in the same townb.Pairs of same-gender twinsc.Sets of two people solving word puzzles together over the internetd.Surveys given to a group of fathers and their oldest child

Which of the following is the appropriate kind of data to use a paired t-test?Question 1Answera.Pairs of people chosen at random to work with each other on a puzzleb.Two groups of people, one assinged to read a persuasive message, the other assigned to watch a videoc.Pairs of people working on a task, one of whom is the teacher and one is the learnerd.A comparison between people's height in inches and people's weight in pounds

Which type of t-test is appropriate when the same group is measured twice under different conditions?*Independent samples t-testPaired samples t-testOne-sample t-testAny t-test will doNone of the above

A study investigates whether there is a significant difference in mean exam scores between students who receive tutoring and those who do not. Which type of t-test would be most suitable?*One-sample t-testDependent samples t-testIndependent samples t-testPaired samples t-testNone of the above

In which of the following situations would it be appropriate to use a paired t-test to analyze the data? Check all that apply. A researcher was interested in the differences in attitudes towards saving money and eliminating debt between couples who are engaged to be married. As part of a premarital counseling program, 45 engaged couples filled out a survey that assessed their attitudes towards financial matters such as their priorities for saving money and eliminating debt. The researcher compared the scores of each member of the engaged couple to see if there was a mean difference in the couples’ attitudes towards saving money and eliminating debt. A biologist was interested in finding out whether rats who are littermates (siblings who are born at the same time) have similar abilities when learning how to run a maze. The biologists selected 50 pairs of littermates and tested how many trials it took for the rat to get to the end of the maze in less than 10 seconds. The null hypothesis was that there would be no mean difference in the number of trials that the rat and their litter mate would take to complete the maze in under 10 seconds. Each rat’s maze time was compared to his/her littermate. A medical researcher believes that a new drug will increase a patient’s red blood cell count at a higher rate than that achieved by an old drug currently in use. The researcher randomly assigns 50 patients to be in the “new drug” group and 50 patients to be in the “old drug” group, then compares the mean red blood cell count for the “new drug” group to the red blood cell count of the “old drug” group. A researcher is interested in determining the effects of caffeine on manual dexterity. The researcher recruits a sample of 60 participants and asks each participant to complete a manual dexterity task similar to the game “Operation.” Each participant completes the task twice: On Day 1, participants complete the task when they have not consumed any caffeine for at least 6 hours. On Day 2, the participants drink a beverage with 200 mg of caffeine 20 minutes before completing the task. The researcher compares each individual’s number of errors in the task with and without caffeine exposure and computes a mean difference.

Let's first check whether the conditions that allow us to safely use the two-sample t-test are met.Here, 239 students were chosen and were naturally divided into a sample of females and a sample of males. Since the students were chosen at random, the sample of females is independent of the sample of males.Here we are in the second scenario — the sample sizes (150 and 85), are definitely large enough, and so we can proceed regardless of whether the populations are normal or not.Tip: Alternative versions are available, click the arrow to switch. In order to avoid tedious calculations, we use Excel to find the test statistic. In this case, Excel gives us a t-value of -4.66.Just for this first example, let's make sure that we understand what the ingredients are that go into the test statistic calculation and how we use them to find the test statistic.Learn By DoingBearing in mind that sample 1 is the sample of females, and sample 2 is the sample of males, according to the output:n1 =  n2 =  y1-bar =  y2-bar =  s1 =  s2 =