Problem StatementAgalya oversees a logistics system that tracks shipments via unique package identifiers. These identifiers are meticulously organized in a sorted array. Her objective is to enhance the system's efficiency in pinpointing packages that are logged an odd number of times (such as 3, 5, 7, etc.), which indicates potential discrepancies in the shipment data. Agalya seeks assistance in developing a program that employs a binary search algorithm, known for its efficacy in handling sorted data. This program will specifically target and display any package identifier that appears an odd number of times, thereby expediting the process for the logistics teams to identify and address any anomalies in the shipment records.Input format :The first line of input consists of an integer N, representing the number of packages in the shipment.The second line consists of N space-separated integers, representing the list of package identifiers.Output format :The output prints an integer representing the package identifier that occurs an odd number of times.Refer to the sample output for formatting specifications.Code constraints :1 ≤ N ≤ 101 ≤ package identifier ≤ 100Sample test cases :Input 1 :717 25 38 38 38 62 79Output 1 :38Input 2 :641 41 41 41 41 72Output 2 :41

Imagine you are working as a software developer for a shipping company. Your task is to implement a search feature that allows users to find a specific package is delivered or not-delivered by its tracking number. The company has millions of packages and you want to make the search process as efficient as possible If all the tracking numbers of delivered packages are sorted in ascending order. Write a python program to find whether a package is delivered or not-delivered using the tracking number.Also, find the number of comparisons made by your algorithmInput format:Series of delivered tracking numbers in Ascending orderTracking number to be searchedOutput format:Delivered or Not-deliveredNumber of comparisons (if delivered)

Problem StatementArsh is working on enhancing a recommendation system for a shopping application. He needs to develop a feature that suggests the closest product prices to a target price entered by a user. The list of product prices is sorted in non-decreasing order, and he wants the system to find the K closest prices to the target price. If two prices have the same difference from the target, the lower price should be preferred.To implement this feature, Arsh needs to write a program that identifies and prints the K closest prices to the given target price from the sorted list of prices.ExampleInput:52 4 6 8 1053Output:6 4 8 ExplanationThe closest prices to 5 are determined by their absolute differences: 6 (|6-5|=1), 4 (|4-5|=1), and 8 (|8-5|=3). Since ties are resolved by choosing the smaller number, the closest prices are 6, 4, and 8. Therefore, the output is 6 4 8.Input format :The first line contains an integer n, representing the number of product prices.The second line contains n space-separated integers, representing the sorted product prices.The third line contains an integer x, denoting the target price.The fourth line contains an integer k, representing the number of closest prices to find.Output format :The output displays k space-separated integers representing the k closest prices to the target value.

Single File Programming QuestionProblem StatementAlex wants to create a program to search a target value in a sorted array. The program should input the array size and elements, as well as the target value. Utilizing binary search, it should determine if the target is present, and if so, provide the index. If not, display a message indicating its absence.Assist Alex in completing the program efficiently.Input format :The first line of input consists of an integer N, representing the size of the sorted array.The second line consists of N space-separated integers, the elements of the sorted array in ascending order.The third line consists of an integer target, the value to search for in the array.Output format :If the target is present in the array, print "The target value X is present at index Y", where X is the target element and Y is the index position (index starts from 0).If the target is not present, print "The target value X is not present in the array", where X is the target element.Refer to the sample output for formatting specifications.Code constraints :The given test cases will fall under the following constraints:2 ≤ N ≤ 101 ≤ elements ≤ 1000Sample test cases :Input 1 :514 29 37 48 5948Output 1 :The target value 48 is present at index 3Input 2 :10125 137 248 358 489 587 652 741 823 912850Output 2 :The target value 850 is not present in the array

Problem StatementAlex, a logistics manager, is responsible for handling various pieces of luggage. He needs to determine the weight distribution among these pieces and find the heaviest and lightest pieces, along with the weight difference between them. To accomplish this, he plans to create a simple program that takes as input the weights of various pieces of luggage and uses the linear search algorithm to search and identify the heaviest and lightest pieces, as well as calculate the weight difference between them.Write a program to help Alex accomplish this task.Input format :The first line of input consists of an integer N, representing the number of luggage.The second line consists of N space-separated integers, representing the weights of the luggage.Output format :The first line of output prints "Heaviest piece weight: ", followed by the weight of the heaviest piece.The second line prints "Lightest piece weight: ", followed by the weight of the lightest piece.The third line prints "Weight difference: ", followed by their weight difference.Refer to the sample output for formatting specifications.Code constraints :The test cases fall under the following constraints:1 ≤ N ≤ 101 ≤ weight of each piece ≤ 100Sample test cases :Input 1 :510 15 20 25 30Output 1 :Heaviest piece weight: 30Lightest piece weight: 10Weight difference: 20Input 2 :870 65 80 75 60 55 50 45Output 2 :Heaviest piece weight: 80Lightest piece weight: 45Weight difference: 35

Problem StatementDuring a routine software testing session, Alex and Jordan discovered several bugs in two separate versions of their application. They decide to merge and sort the lists of bugs from both versions and identify the most common bugs affecting the software. Given the number of bugs in each version and their identifiers, help them find and list the most common bugs.ExampleInput:3101 102 1032102 103Output: 102 103Explanation: After sorting and merging the bug reports from both versions, the list becomes: {101, 102, 102, 103, 103}.Now, analyze the frequency of each bug type in the merged list:Bug type '101' occurs once.Bug type '102' occurs twice.Bug type '103' occurs twice.Both bug types '102' and '103' are the most common, each occurring twice. Therefore, the output includes both of these bug types in ascending order: '102' followed by '103'. Input format :The first line of input consists of an integer n, representing the number of bug reports in the first version.The second line consists of n integers, each representing a bug report in the first version.The third line consists of an integer m, representing the number of bug reports in the second version.The fourth line consists of m integers, each representing a bug report in the second version.Output format :The output prints the most common bug types in ascending order.Refer to the sample output for formatting specifications.Code constraints :1 ≤ n, m ≤ 10100 ≤ bug type ≤ 1000Sample test cases :Input 1 :3101 102 1032102 103Output 1 :102 103 Input 2 :2201 2025201 202 202 203 204Output 2 :202 Input 3 :5501 502 503 503 5035501 502 503 505 506Output 3 :503