Low-fidelity and High-fidelity prototypes [2 Marks]ii. Standards and guidelines as used in design rules [2 Marks]iii. “Affordance” and “visibility” as used in usability principle [2 Marks]

i. Low-fidelity and High-fidelity prototypes: Low-fidelity prototypes are simple and quick versions of the product that allow designers and users to explore ideas without investing too much time or resources. They often lack detail and may not function exactly like the final product. Examples include sketches or paper models. High-fidelity prototypes, on the other hand, are detailed and interactive models that closely resemble the final product. They are often used in the later stages of design to test functionality and user experience.

ii. Standards and guidelines as used in design rules: Standards are established norms or requirements that a design must meet. They are often set by industry or regulatory bodies and are mandatory. Guidelines, on the other hand, are recommendations or best practices that designers are encouraged to follow but are not required to. They can provide direction and help improve the quality of a design, but they allow for more flexibility and creativity than standards.

iii. “Affordance” and “visibility” as used in usability principle: Affordance refers to the perceived and actual properties of a thing, primarily those fundamental properties that determine just how the thing could possibly be used. For example, a button on a website affords clicking. Visibility, on the other hand, refers to the ability of users to see and understand the possible actions they can take. If a button is hidden or its function is not clear, it has poor visibility. Both affordance and visibility are important for creating intuitive and user-friendly designs.