These techniques rely on the signatures or hashes of the firmware and binaries for determining the integrity of the platform state.

These techniques refer to methods used in cybersecurity to ensure the integrity of a system or platform. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Signatures or hashes: These are unique values generated from a data set, in this case, the firmware and binaries of a platform. They are created using cryptographic algorithms. If even a small part of the original data changes, the hash will change significantly.

2. Firmware and binaries: Firmware is a type of software embedded into hardware devices to control their functionality. Binaries are the executable files that make up software. Both of these are crucial for the operation of any platform.

3. Determining the integrity: This refers to the process of verifying that the firmware and binaries have not been tampered with or altered in any way. This is done by comparing the current signatures or hashes of the firmware and binaries with the original or expected values.

4. Platform state: This refers to the current status or condition of the platform. If the integrity check reveals that the firmware or binaries have been altered, the platform state may be considered compromised.

So, these techniques involve generating and comparing hashes or signatures of crucial software components to ensure they remain in their original, unaltered state, thereby maintaining the integrity of the overall platform.