1. A young patient presented to emergency room with convulsions for which he wasgiven I/V Diazepam. [Annual 2016]a) Briefly describe its mechanism of action and enumerate six organ level effects ofthis class of drugs

Diazepam is a drug that belongs to the class of medications known as benzodiazepines.

Mechanism of Action:

1. Diazepam works by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter in the brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
2. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces the activity of nerve cells in the brain.
3. Diazepam increases the activity of GABA in the brain, which results in a calming effect. It reduces the transmission of signals in the brain and decreases nervous excitation.

Organ Level Effects:

1. Central Nervous System: Diazepam has a sedative effect, reducing anxiety and tension. It can also cause drowsiness and impair memory.
2. Muscular System: It has a muscle relaxant effect, reducing muscle spasms.
3. Cardiovascular System: Diazepam can lower blood pressure, especially when administered intravenously.
4. Respiratory System: High doses of diazepam can depress the respiratory system, slowing breathing.
5. Digestive System: Diazepam can slow the movement of the digestive system, potentially causing constipation.
6. Renal System: Diazepam and its metabolites are excreted by the kidneys, so it can potentially affect renal function, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease.