The generator output voltage is then increased to 132 kV for transmission. Explain why electrical energy is transmitted using very high voltages.

Electrical energy is transmitted using very high voltages for several reasons:

1. Reduced Power Loss: When electricity is transmitted at a higher voltage, the current (I) is reduced. According to Joule's law, the power loss due to resistance in the wires (P) is directly proportional to the square of the current (I^2). Therefore, by reducing the current, the power loss is significantly reduced.

2. Increased Efficiency: High voltage transmission allows for the efficient transfer of electricity over long distances. This is because the power (P) transmitted is the product of voltage (V) and current (I). So, for a given amount of power, if the voltage is increased, the current can be decreased, which reduces the power loss in the transmission lines.

3. Cost-Effective: High voltage transmission requires thinner wires for the same amount of power transmission, which makes it more cost-effective. This is because the thickness of the wire is determined by the amount of current it needs to carry. Since high voltage transmission reduces the current, thinner and less expensive wires can be used.

4. Safety: High voltage transmission lines are typically elevated high above the ground, which reduces the risk of electrical accidents on the ground.

In conclusion, the use of high voltage for the transmission of electrical energy is primarily to reduce power loss, increase efficiency, save costs, and improve safety.