32-year old Mrs. McBride presents with left flank pain, fever, nausea and malaise. Her BP = 132/75. CBC shows 21, 000 WBC count. Urine sample is pale yellow in color. Urine reagent strip and microscopic examination of urine revealed free standing RBCs and WBCs, and three different types of urinary casts.The first type of urinary cast seen in the patient's sample is called a mixed cellular cast. This type of cast contains both red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs). RBCs are usually round and have a reddish color, while WBCs are larger and can have different shapes. The presence of mixed cellular casts suggests that there might be inflammation or infection in the urinary system.The second type of urinary cast is called a granular cast. Granular casts are made up of tiny particles that look like grains. These particles can be different colors, such as yellow or brown. The presence of granular casts can indicate kidney damage or certain medical conditions.The third type of urinary cast seen in the patient's sample is a WBC cast. This type of cast is made up of white blood cells. White blood cells are part of the body's immune system and help fight off infections. The presence of WBC casts suggests that there might be an infection or inflammation in the urinary system.The fourth and final type of urinary cast is an epithelial cell cast. Epithelial cells are cells that line the urinary tract. When these cells are shed into the urine and form casts, it can indicate damage or inflammation in the urinary system.

A 28-year-old woman presents to her physician complaining of abdominal pain. A urinalysis shows 8 RBCs with no WBCs or protein, and no dysmorphic cells or casts. She is eventually diagnosed with gastroenteritis and is sent home. A urine culture comes back negative several days later. What should be done next in the workup of this patient with hematuria?Ask StudybuddyGroup of answer choicesCystoscopyCT scan of the abdomen and pelvisRepeat urinalysis in a few daysTransvaginal ultrasoundReassurance

Epithelial Cell Casts: Represent presence of tubular damage, heavymetals, viral infections, drug toxicity, graft rejection, pyelonephritisMixed Cellular Casts: glomerulonephritisWBC Casts: Seen with PyelonephritisIf the patient's sample presents mixed cellular casts, epithelial casts, and WBC casts, what is most likely the diagnosis ?

A 57-year-old man presents to his physician for his annual examination. He has a history of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). On examination, there is hyper-resonance to percussion of both lung fields and a diffusely enlarged, nontender prostate on rectal examination. His blood work is unremarkable, but urine studies show 12 RBCs per high power field. There are no dysmorphic RBCs or RBC casts, and there are no other cells or protein. He denies any fevers, flank or groin pain, episodes of gross hematuria, or dysuria. A repeat urinalysis 1 week later confirms the presence of microscopic hematuria, and his urine culture is negative. He elects to undergo further workup with a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with and without contrast, which is unremarkable. What is the next step in management?

A 21-year-old female from Southeast Asia has been staying with family members in the United States for the last 3 months presents to the emergency department of a local hospital. She reports feeling very tired for the last month, has a poor appetite, and has lost weight. The patient has been feeling somewhat better lately except for a cough that produces a greenish sputum, sometimes specked with blood. With the exception of rales in the left upper lobe, the physical examination is unremarkable and she does not seem to be acutely ill. Laboratory values show a white blood count of 12,000/μL and a hematocrit of 33%. Chest x-ray film reveals an infiltrate in the left upper lobe with a possible cavity. A Gram-stained smear of the sputum shows mixed flora with no dominance. An acid-fast stain reveals many thin rods of pinkish hue. A preliminary diagnosis is made of pulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum is sent to the laboratory for culture. Which drug regimen should be initiated in this patient when treatment is started?Group of answer choicesAmikacin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, streptomycinCiprofloxacin, isoniazid, linezolid, pretomanidIsoniazid, moxifloxacin, pyrazinamide , rifapentinePyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycinPyridoxine, pyrazinamide, rifabutin, streptomycin

Examine the complete blood count below for Mrs Chen and select the most appropriate answer to describe her results.Question 2Answera.Megaloblastic anaemiab.Hereditary spherocytosisc.Normocytic hypochromic anaemiad.Microcytic anaemiae.None, her blood looks perfectly normalClear my choice