The fact that participants can successfully recall letters or numbers during the partial report procedure challenges Sperling's assertion that iconic memory isGroup of answer choicesa. capable of holding all sensory infob. pre-categoricalc. modality-specificd. attention-dependent

The partial report procedure is a method used in cognitive psychology to study a person's sensory memory. George Sperling, an American cognitive psychologist, first conducted experiments on the sensory memory store in the 1960s. He introduced the concept of iconic memory, which is a type of visual sensory memory.

Sperling's experiments involved flashing a grid of letters or numbers for a very short period of time and then asking participants to recall as many items as they could. In the full report procedure, participants could only recall about four or five items, suggesting that iconic memory has a very limited capacity.

However, in the partial report procedure, participants were cued to recall a specific row of the grid immediately after it was flashed. Under these conditions, participants could recall almost all items in the cued row, suggesting that more information was initially available in iconic memory than the full report procedure indicated.

This challenges Sperling's assertion that iconic memory is capable of holding all sensory info. The partial report procedure suggests that while a large amount of information is initially available in iconic memory, only a small portion of it can be transferred to short-term memory and subsequently reported. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) capable of holding all sensory info.

The partial report procedure is a method used in cognitive psychology to study a person's sensory memory. George Sperling, an American cognitive psychologist, first conducted experiments on the sensory memory store in the 1960s. He introduced the concept of iconic memory, which is the visual sensory memory register pertaining to the visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information.

Sperling's experiments involved flashing a grid of letters or numbers for a very short period and then asking participants to recall as many items as possible. He found that participants could recall a significant number of items, but not all. This led him to propose that our sensory memory has a large capacity but decays very rapidly.

The fact that participants can successfully recall letters or numbers during the partial report procedure challenges Sperling's assertion that iconic memory is:

a. Capable of holding all sensory info: This is not challenged by the partial report procedure. Sperling's experiments showed that the capacity of sensory memory is quite large, but not unlimited.

b. Pre-categorical: This is not directly challenged by the partial report procedure. The procedure does not provide information about whether the information in iconic memory is categorized in any way.

c. Modality-specific: This is not challenged by the partial report procedure. The procedure was used to study visual sensory memory (iconic memory), not other modalities.

d. Attention-dependent: This is the assertion that is most directly challenged by the partial report procedure. The fact that participants can recall a significant number of items even without focusing attention on them suggests that the storage of information in iconic memory is not entirely dependent on attention.

So, the correct answer is (d) attention-dependent.