If your family gets regular medical checkups, what are you least likely to do when you are living on your own? Avoid doctors Forget regular checkups Neglect your personal hygiene Become ill

How does your family provide support or advice about the health or medical services you access?

1. How do you ensure access to healthcare services, considering the demanding nature of your job as a maid? 2. In your line of work, are there specific health challenges or concerns you regularly encounter, and how do you address them? 3. What preventive measures do you take to maintain your health, especially considering the physical nature of household chores? 4. How do you manage the costs associated with healthcare, and do you face any challenges in affording medical services or medications? Do you have health insurance?

A friend of yours named Julian is a 32-year-old graphic designer. Julian has always been a health conscious person. He eats a balanced diet, runs every morning, and rarely gets sick. He has regular check-up appointments at the GP every year to make sure that his physical health is in order. These check-ups are typically an unremarkable part of Julian’s yearly routine. However, recently Julian has admitted to you that there is one thing that he dreads about going to the doctor - the possibility that his GP will recommend that he have an injection or a blood test. Julian tells you that he has a fear of needles. Julian’s fear of needles can be traced back to a childhood memory. When he was 7 years old, Julian saw his older brother faint after getting a vaccine. The sight of the needle, a few drops of blood, and his brother’s pale face as he collapsed were enough to instil a strong fear of needles in him. For most of Julian’s childhood, he would try everything that he could to avoid getting a needle. For instance, if he knew that it was a vaccination day at school, he would make up an excuse that he was unwell so that he could stay home. If he could not get out of the injection, when he saw the nurse holding the needle, Julian’s heart would start to race, he would get extremely sweaty, feel like the room was spinning, and would burst into tears. On one occasion, Julian even fainted at the sight of a needle. However as Julian became an adult, while his fear of needles remained, he felt that he was more in control of his fear. Every time his doctor recommended a needle, Julian would still feel nervous--his heart would race, his palms would sweat, and his breathing rate would increase. However, he had discovered some strategies that allowed him to get through the procedure without feeling overwhelmed: he would look away from the injection site, and try to make conversation with the Nurse or Doctor giving the injection in order to distract himself. Getting a needle was still unpleasant for Julian, but he felt confident that he was able to get through it, and would no longer try to find ways to avoid needles.Summer is a 24-year-old project manager working and living in a bustling city. Her friends and colleagues know her for her sharp wit and strong organisational skills. However, a hidden aspect of her life that few are aware of is her profound fear of frogs. This phobia began during a childhood vacation to a family friend’s farm. One night, Summer woke up in shock to a frog that had jumped into her bed while she was sleeping. She can still recall waking up to the slimy sensation of the amphibian landing on her arm. Ever since that moment, Summer has been terribly afraid of frogs. For the rest of her childhood, she refused to go back to the family friend’s farm, and if ever she saw a frog in a picture or video, she would feel a rush of fear through her body and have a panic attack. Now that Summer is an adult and living in a big city, the likelihood of her encountering a frog is minimal, but if anything, the fear has been getting worse. For Summer, rainstorms are a nightmare. Not because she fears getting wet or the thunder and lightning, but because she fears that frogs might venture from wherever they're hiding into urban areas. After any substantial rainfall, Summer would either take leave from work or insist on working remotely, as she was worried about possibly encountering a frog on her commute.She has also stopped visiting parks or gardens, places she once loved, to minimise the chances of an encounter with a frog. Friends have found her behaviour increasingly perplexing. She declined an invitation to a close friend’s baby shower that was held in a park because she feared that she might see a frog there. This caused a major rift in the friendship. Recently, Summer's manager has started to take note of her change in behaviour. She declined a lucrative project because it required site visits to areas she deemed "high-risk" for frog encounters, a decision that baffled her superiors. She has also started avoiding team-building retreats if they're anywhere close to natural bodies of water. In a recent performance review meeting, her manager told her that she was starting to question whether Summer was committed to her job. Summer was told that she would not be considered for future opportunities and promotions if she continued to turn down big projects and avoid workplace activities. Summer wanted to explain her situation to her manager, but was worried that her fears would not be understood.Compare and contrast the experiences of Julian and Summer regarding their specific fears. Based on the DSM-5/DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for the most relevant diagnosis, which specific criteria are most crucial in differentiating Julian’s experiences from Summer’s? How does this inform your decision regarding a potential diagnosis for each individual?

A friend of yours named Julian is a 32-year-old graphic designer. Julian has always been a health conscious person. He eats a balanced diet, runs every morning, and rarely gets sick. He has regular check-up appointments at the GP every year to make sure that his physical health is in order. These check-ups are typically an unremarkable part of Julian’s yearly routine. However, recently Julian has admitted to you that there is one thing that he dreads about going to the doctor - the possibility that his GP will recommend that he have an injection or a blood test. Julian tells you that he has a fear of needles.Julian’s fear of needles can be traced back to a childhood memory. When he was 7 years old, Julian saw his older brother faint after getting a vaccine. The sight of the needle, a few drops of blood, and his brother’s pale face as he collapsed were enough to instil a strong fear of needles in him. For most of Julian’s childhood, he would try everything that he could to avoid getting a needle. For instance, if he knew that it was a vaccination day at school, he would make up an excuse that he was unwell so that he could stay home. If he could not get out of the injection, when he saw the nurse holding the needle, Julian’s heart would start to race, he would get extremely sweaty, feel like the room was spinning, and would burst into tears. On one occasion, Julian even fainted at the sight of a needle. However as Julian became an adult, while his fear of needles remained, he felt that he was more in control of his fear. Every time his doctor recommended a needle, Julian would still feel nervous--his heart would race, his palms would sweat, and his breathing rate would increase. However, he had discovered some strategies that allowed him to get through the procedure without feeling overwhelmed: he would look away from the injection site, and try to make conversation with the Nurse or Doctor giving the injection in order to distract himself. Getting a needle was still unpleasant for Julian, but he felt confident that he was able to get through it, and would no longer try to find ways to avoid needles. Is Julian likely to have an anxiety disorder? Why or why not? Justify your answer and give a diagnosis if you think it is appropriate. In your answer, explain how Julian’s behaviours do or do not align with the DSM-5/DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for the most relevant diagnosis.

You are the public health nurse teaching COVID-19 protocol to college students returning to campus.  Which statement is most consistent with providing primary prevention education? A. "Wear a mask, wash your hands, and socially distance when in public." B. "Stay away from elderly and immune compromised individuals until you have been symptom free for 14 days." C. "Keep track of your symptoms following your positive test result." D. "Stay at home except to seek medical care for worsening symptoms."