(1) Electrostatics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of stationary electric charges and their interactions. It involves the study of electric fields, electric potential, and electric potential energy.

Electric lines of force, also known as electric field lines, are imaginary lines used to represent the direction and strength of an electric field. They are drawn such that the tangent to the line at any point gives the direction of the electric field at that point. The density of the lines represents the strength of the electric field, with closer lines indicating a stronger field.

(iv) The electric field intensity at a point P inside a charged sphere can be determined using Gauss's law. The electric field inside a charged sphere is zero. Therefore, the electric field intensity at point P inside the charged sphere will be zero.

(v) An equipotential surface is a surface in an electric field where all points have the same electric potential. In other words, the potential difference between any two points on an equipotential surface is zero. Equipotential surfaces are always perpendicular to the electric field lines.

(vi) The work done in moving a charge between two equipotential surfaces is given by the formula W = qΔV, where W is the work done, q is the charge, and ΔV is the potential difference between the two surfaces. In the given diagram, the potential difference between surfaces A and B is not provided, so the work done cannot be calculated without that information.

(vii) To calculate the potential energy of a system consisting of two point charges, we can use the formula U = k(q1q2/r), where U is the potential energy, k is the electrostatic constant (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2), q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges, and r is the distance between the charges. In this case, q1 = +10 µC, q2 = -10 µC, and r = 40 cm = 0.4 m. Plugging in these values, we can calculate the potential energy of the system.

(viii) A charged sphere behaves as a point charge for any point outside the sphere. This means that the electric field produced by the charged sphere at any point outside the sphere can be calculated as if all the charge of the sphere is concentrated at its center.

(viii) The principle of Van de Graaff generator is based on the concept of electrostatic charge accumulation. It uses a moving belt to transfer charge from a high voltage source to a large metal sphere. The charge accumulates on the sphere, creating a high electric potential. This potential can be used for various experiments and demonstrations in electrostatics.

Question

(1) Electrostatics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of stationary electric charges and their interactions. It involves the study of electric fields, electric potential, and electric potential energy.

Electric lines of force, also known as electric field lines, are imaginary lines used to represent the direction and strength of an electric field. They are drawn such that the tangent to the line at any point gives the direction of the electric field at that point. The density of the lines represents the strength of the electric field, with closer lines indicating a stronger field.

(iv) The electric field intensity at a point P inside a charged sphere can be determined using Gauss's law. The electric field inside a charged sphere is zero. Therefore, the electric field intensity at point P inside the charged sphere will be zero.

(v) An equipotential surface is a surface in an electric field where all points have the same electric potential. In other words, the potential difference between any two points on an equipotential surface is zero. Equipotential surfaces are always perpendicular to the electric field lines.

(vi) The work done in moving a charge between two equipotential surfaces is given by the formula W = qΔV, where W is the work done, q is the charge, and ΔV is the potential difference between the two surfaces. In the given diagram, the potential difference between surfaces A and B is not provided, so the work done cannot be calculated without that information.

(vii) To calculate the potential energy of a system consisting of two point charges, we can use the formula U = k(q1q2/r), where U is the potential energy, k is the electrostatic constant (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2), q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges, and r is the distance between the charges. In this case, q1 = +10 µC, q2 = -10 µC, and r = 40 cm = 0.4 m. Plugging in these values, we can calculate the potential energy of the system.

(viii) A charged sphere behaves as a point charge for any point outside the sphere. This means that the electric field produced by the charged sphere at any point outside the sphere can be calculated as if all the charge of the sphere is concentrated at its center.

(viii) The principle of Van de Graaff generator is based on the concept of electrostatic charge accumulation. It uses a moving belt to transfer charge from a high voltage source to a large metal sphere. The charge accumulates on the sphere, creating a high electric potential. This potential can be used for various experiments and demonstrations in electrostatics.

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