Often, in narratives that describe humanity’s relationship with the environment, women or female characters are typecast as ‘Mother Nature,’ thus reducing them to the role of a perpetual ‘giver.’ Further, language uses patriarchal terms such as ‘Mother Nature’ and ‘Mother Earth’ for stereotyping. Such terms are most indicative of:a.The depiction of the environment and women’s identities, in a binary formb.The similar manner in which both nature and women are perceived and treated by patriarchal societyc.The influence of language on society and ecologyd.The destruction of nature by modern development

Authors often use words or phrases such as “mankind” to refer to large groups that include both male and female members. Sociologists and feminists argue that this is an example of the use of sexist language. What does this tell us about the relationship between language and culture?Group of answer choicesLanguage is shaped by culture, and the use of nonsexist words is a signal of social change.Language shapes culture, so using gender-neutral language facilitates social change.Language can change culture, but only in negative ways that increase sexism and discrimination.Culture can only be transformed through material and economic change, not through any connection to language.

Searching for an explanation for women’s universally low status, Sherri Ortner argued that women’s biological functions of reproductiona.are feared and misunderstood by men.b.are biologically inferior to men’s.c.result from cultural practices.d.associate women with nature and men with culture.

In feminist literary theory, which term describes the representation of women as objects of male desire?a)Gynocriticismb)Misogynyc)Objectificationd)Patriarchy

How is patriarchy reflected in the story ?

Today, Native American writers commonly use themes of nature and environment in their books and stories. This focus is partly an effort to draw a greater awareness to global environmental concerns. Historically, the foundation of Native American cultures has been grounded in the relationship between the natural environment and the people. Ancient beliefs teach that the survival of both the people and the land is dependent on a mutual respect for one another. Both the people and the land are alive and in a continuous state of habitation and coexistence. In fact, the Earth is perceived as being just as alive and animated as any person or animal. This kinship still influences numerous aspects of life for many Native American cultures across the nation.12Which statement correctly describes the purpose of the passage above? A. The passage persuades readers to be more environmentally aware. B. The passage informs readers about themes used by certain writers. C. The passage describes how to be more environmentally conservative. D. The passage entertains the reader with a story about the Earth.