What are both chromosomes and genes made from?

Both chromosomes and genes are made from DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. These instructions are found inside every cell, and are passed down from parents to their children.

Here are the steps:

1. DNA Structure: DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).

2. Formation of Genes: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions to make a specific protein (or part of a protein). Genes vary in size, depending on the sizes of the proteins for which they code. Each DNA molecule can contain many genes.

3. Formation of Chromosomes: A chromosome is a long, stringy aggregate of genes that carries heredity information. Each chromosome is composed of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

So, in summary, both chromosomes and genes are made from DNA, which is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and maintain an organism.