What are program interrupts in instruction execution? Give nruo (02) examples.

Program interrupts are events that occur during the execution of a program and cause the normal flow of instructions to be temporarily interrupted. These interrupts can be triggered by both hardware and software.

Here are two examples of program interrupts:

1. Timer Interrupt: A timer interrupt is a hardware interrupt that occurs when a predefined amount of time has elapsed. It is commonly used in operating systems to schedule tasks and ensure fairness in resource allocation. When the timer interrupt occurs, the current instruction being executed is temporarily paused, and the control is transferred to the interrupt handler routine. Once the interrupt handler routine is completed, the execution of the interrupted program resumes.

2. Division by Zero Interrupt: This is a software interrupt that occurs when a program attempts to divide a number by zero. Division by zero is an illegal operation and can lead to unpredictable results or system crashes. When this interrupt occurs, the program execution is halted, and the control is transferred to the interrupt handler routine, which typically handles the error condition and takes appropriate action.

These are just two examples of program interrupts, and there are many other types of interrupts that can occur during instruction execution. Interrupts play a crucial role in handling exceptional conditions and improving the overall efficiency and reliability of a computer system.