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The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.As per Nietzsche, liberty is “the right to define one’s own concept of existence, of meaning, of the universe, and of the mystery of human life.” The problem with this understanding of autonomy is that shared values serve the important function of making social life possible. If we do not agree on a minimal common culture, we cannot cooperate on shared tasks and will not regard the same institutions as legitimate. The other problem is that not everyone is seeking to revalue all values. Human beings are intensely social creatures whose emotional inclinations drive them to want to conform to the norms surrounding them. When a stable, shared moral horizon disappears, the vast majority of people do not rejoice at their newfound freedom of choice. Rather, they feel an intense insecurity because they do not know who their true self is. This crisis of identity leads in the opposite direction from expressive individualism, to the search for a common identity that will re-establish a clear moral horizon. This psychological fact lays the groundwork for nationalism.

Question

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.As per Nietzsche, liberty is “the right to define one’s own concept of existence, of meaning, of the universe, and of the mystery of human life.” The problem with this understanding of autonomy is that shared values serve the important function of making social life possible. If we do not agree on a minimal common culture, we cannot cooperate on shared tasks and will not regard the same institutions as legitimate. The other problem is that not everyone is seeking to revalue all values. Human beings are intensely social creatures whose emotional inclinations drive them to want to conform to the norms surrounding them. When a stable, shared moral horizon disappears, the vast majority of people do not rejoice at their newfound freedom of choice. Rather, they feel an intense insecurity because they do not know who their true self is. This crisis of identity leads in the opposite direction from expressive individualism, to the search for a common identity that will re-establish a clear moral horizon. This psychological fact lays the groundwork for nationalism.

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Solution

  1. Nietzsche's concept of liberty, which involves defining one's own existence and understanding of the universe, is problematic because it undermines the shared values that make social life possible.
  2. Not everyone wants to redefine all values; most people, being social creatures, prefer to conform to existing norms.
  3. The absence of a shared moral horizon leads to insecurity and a crisis of identity, rather than a celebration of individual freedom.
  4. This crisis often results in a search for a common identity and a clear moral horizon, laying the groundwork for nationalism.

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