A medical school admissions officer was interested in whether there is a difference in MCAT test scores (the standardized test used for medical school admission) between (1) biological sciences majors, (2) social science majors and (3) math majors. The admissions officer randomly sampled 50 students from each of these majors who applied to medical school in 2014 and recorded their MCAT score.The following hypotheses were tested:H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3Ha: μ1, μ2, μ3, are not all equalThe analysis was run on the data and the following output was obtained:ANOVA TableSource DF SS MS F-Stat P-ValueTreatments 2 304.11487 152.05743 5.1196003 0.0071Error 147 4366.0523 29.701036 Total 149 4670.1672 Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the output? Fail to reject H0 and conclude that the data provide strong evidence that the three mean MCAT scores (representing the three majors) are not all equal. Fail to reject H0 and conclude that the data do not provide sufficient evidence that there is a relationship between the student’s major and MCAT score. Reject H0 and conclude that the data provide strong evidence that there is a relationship between the student’s major and MCAT score. Reject H0 and conclude that the data provide strong evidence that MCAT scores are related to student majors in the following way: the mean MCAT score for math majors is higher than the mean MCAT score for biological sciences majors, which in turn is higher than that of social sciences majors.
Question
A medical school admissions officer was interested in whether there is a difference in MCAT test scores (the standardized test used for medical school admission) between (1) biological sciences majors, (2) social science majors and (3) math majors. The admissions officer randomly sampled 50 students from each of these majors who applied to medical school in 2014 and recorded their MCAT score.The following hypotheses were tested:H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3Ha: μ1, μ2, μ3, are not all equalThe analysis was run on the data and the following output was obtained:ANOVA TableSource DF SS MS F-Stat P-ValueTreatments 2 304.11487 152.05743 5.1196003 0.0071Error 147 4366.0523 29.701036 Total 149 4670.1672 Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the output? Fail to reject H0 and conclude that the data provide strong evidence that the three mean MCAT scores (representing the three majors) are not all equal. Fail to reject H0 and conclude that the data do not provide sufficient evidence that there is a relationship between the student’s major and MCAT score. Reject H0 and conclude that the data provide strong evidence that there is a relationship between the student’s major and MCAT score. Reject H0 and conclude that the data provide strong evidence that MCAT scores are related to student majors in the following way: the mean MCAT score for math majors is higher than the mean MCAT score for biological sciences majors, which in turn is higher than that of social sciences majors.
Solution
Based on the output from the ANOVA table, the appropriate conclusion would be to reject the null hypothesis (H0) and conclude that the data provide strong evidence that there is a relationship between the student’s major and MCAT score. This is because the p-value is 0.0071, which is less than the commonly used significance level of 0.05. This indicates that there is a statistically significant difference in MCAT scores among the three different majors. However, the ANOVA test does not tell us which specific groups differ from each other, so we cannot conclude that the mean MCAT score for math majors is higher than the mean MCAT score for biological sciences majors, which in turn is higher than that of social sciences majors.
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A medical school admissions officer was interested in whether there is a difference in MCAT test scores (the standardized test used for medical school admission) between (1) biological sciences majors, (2) social science majors and (3) math majors. The admissions officer randomly sampled 50 students from each of these majors who applied to medical school in 2014 and recorded their MCAT score.Here are the three sample standard deviations for the MCAT scores for the three groups (biological sciences majors, social sciences majors, math majors):Column Std. HeadBiological Sciences 5.3115216Social Sciences 6.1661669Math 4.7821787Based on this information, do the data meet the condition of equal population standard deviations for the use of the ANOVA? Yes, because 6.17 − 4.78 < 2. Yes, because 6.17/4.78 < 2. No, because the standard deviations are not equal.
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