. ______________________________________ is concerned with discovering theprocesses underlying behaviour and cognition.2. The vision-for-perception system is based on the _______________________ pathway.3. Human beings’ ability to work out which parts of presented visual information belongtogether and thus form separate objects is referred to as________________________________.4. ________________________ refers to the changes in the pattern of light reaching anobserver when there is movement in the environment.5. The co-ordination of attention across two or modalities is known as_____________________________ effects.6. The ________________________ model assumes that short-term memory consists oftemporary activations of long-term memory.7. Memories concerned with personal experiences that occurred in a specific time and placeis usually stored in ____________________ memory.8. A _________________ learner learns from images and writing down words and phrases.9. The process of ______________________ involves solving a problem by simply ignoringit for some time.10. ________________________ heuristic is used when people judge the probability that anobject or event belongs to a class or process.

What does the Processing Hierarchy refer to in human vision?A.The visual system processes information from wavelengths of light in the order from red to purpleB.That V1 cells only respond to specific stimuli like faces, colours, or motionC.That V1 activity is not necessary for conscious perceptionD.Cells at progressive stages of processing respond to increasingly complex features

The four steps involved when reacting to a visual stimuluant (that is, reacting to something you see) are _____________.A. Identifying, Predicting, Deciding, ExecutingB. Intuitionalizing, Pondering, Determining, EvadingC. Identifying, Projecting, Determining, EscapingD. Identifying, Perceiving, Deciding, Executing

Perception includes:Multiple select question.how to make efficient and timely decisions.how to categorize incoming information.determining which information to notice.how to interpret incoming information within the framework of our existing knowledge.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the perception process?InterpretationAttentionReactionOrganization

Visual perception involves the organization and interpretation of information obtained from visible light.  Visual perception relies on monocular and binocular cues, as well as perceptual organization principles that allow humans to interpret limited or partial information more holistically.  These sorts of mental shortcuts are based on prior experiences and knowledge, and are especially useful when lighting or perspective is limited.  For example, the ambiguous image in Figure 1 is often perceived as a cup.Figure 1  Ambiguous imagePerceptual organization principles allow our brains to quickly and efficiently make assumptions about visual inputs, but these principles can also give rise to perceptual illusions.  For example, the Ames room is constructed to exploit monocular depth cues in such a way that the person standing on one side of the room appears to impossibly dwarf the person on the other side of the room (Figure 2).Figure 2  Ames room illusion (two people standing in a specially constructed Ames room, viewed through a monocular peephole)Human senses were adapted for use on land, which can lead to potentially deadly perceptual distortions while flying or underwater diving.  Pilots are prone to such perceptual distortions when landing on unfamiliar runways.  During their training, pilots develop a mental image of how a typical runway appears as they descend and land.  Later, they compare this prototypical shape to the runway they see before them to make adjustments in the slope of their descent.  However, if a runway differs from what the pilot is used to (eg, in width or slope), it will differ from the pilot's mental image for a typical runway at that same altitude.  For example, an unusually wide runway will appear to be closer than it actually is, and a narrow runway will seem to be further away.  This can cause the pilot to approach at a dangerously steep or shallow slope.Pilots and divers can also suffer from spatial disorientation due to variations in sensory stimuli that are not typically encountered on land.  For example, gravity is not experienced in the body the same way underwater as on land, and visual cues are often limited in deep dives.  In these murky conditions, divers can easily lose track of the surface of the water, leading to extreme spatial disorientation and panic. Question 1Which of the following predictions is best supported by information presented in the passage?A.Individuals will perceive a cup in Figure 1 despite differences in expectations.B.Visual principles of perceptual organization help prevent optical illusions from occurring.C.According to the law of continuity, spatial disorientation will be greater under water than in the air.D.The Ames room configuration will override the perceptual principle of size constancy.