Distinguish between international and non-international armed conflict

International and non-international armed conflicts are distinguished primarily by the parties involved and the geographical scope of the conflict.

1. Parties Involved:

   • International Armed Conflict: This type of conflict involves two or more sovereign states. The parties involved are typically the regular armed forces of these states. An example would be World War II, where multiple sovereign states were involved in the conflict.
   • Non-International Armed Conflict: This type of conflict occurs within the borders of a single state. It involves the state's armed forces and non-state armed groups, or between such groups themselves. An example would be a civil war or an insurgency within a country.

2. Geographical Scope:

   • International Armed Conflict: The geographical scope of an international armed conflict is typically global or at least involves multiple regions of the world. The conflict is not confined to the borders of a single state.
   • Non-International Armed Conflict: The geographical scope of a non-international armed conflict is typically confined to the territory of a single state. It does not involve multiple countries or regions of the world.

3. Legal Framework:

   • International Armed Conflict: The laws of war, including the Geneva Conventions, apply fully in international armed conflicts. These laws provide rules for the conduct of hostilities and the protection of civilians, prisoners of war, and the wounded.
   • Non-International Armed Conflict: The legal framework for non-international armed conflicts is less comprehensive. While some provisions of the Geneva Conventions apply, many of the protections afforded in international armed conflicts do not. However, all parties to a non-international armed conflict are bound by customary international law and international human rights law.

4. Intervention by External Parties:

   • International Armed Conflict: In an international armed conflict, external parties, such as other countries or international organizations, may intervene either militarily or diplomatically.
   • Non-International Armed Conflict: In a non-international armed conflict, external intervention is often more limited due to principles of state sovereignty and non-interference in internal affairs. However, this is not an absolute rule and external intervention can and does occur.