Understanding the Dynamics of Human–Wildlife Conflicts in North-Western Pakistan: Implications for Sustainable Conservation

The global context is fairness and development. This task (questions 7) addresses the key concept of systems and assesses criterion D (Reflecting on the impacts of science). In this task, you will explore how the system is handling human- wildlife conflicts.Human-wildlife conflict arises from interactions between human development and the habitats of wild animals.Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) refers to the negative interactions between human and wild animals, with undesirable consequences for both people and their resources and wildlife and their habitats (IUCN 2020). HWC, caused by competition for shared natural resources between human and wildlife, influences human food security and the well-being of both human and animals. In many regions these conflicts have intensified over recent decades as a result of human population growth and the transformation of land use.HWC is a serious global threat to sustainable development, food security and conservation in urban and rural landscapes alike. In general, the consequences of HWC include: crop destruction, reduced agricultural productivity, competition for grazing lands and water supply, livestock predation, injury and death to human, damage to infrastructure, and increased risk of disease transmission among wildlife and livestockWith specific reference to forests, a high density of large ungulates such as deer, can cause severe damage to the vegetation and can threaten regeneration by trampling or browsing small trees, rubbing themselves on trees or stripping tree bark. This behaviour can have important economic implications and can lead to polarization between forest and wildlife managers Many countries are starting to explicitly include human-wildlife conflict in national policies and strategies for wildlife management, development and poverty alleviation. At the national level, cross-sectoral collaboration between forestry, wildlife, agriculture, livestock and other relevant sectors is key Image 1Q 6.5Suggest one of the reasons behind man- animal conflict.D 1Words: 0Q 6.6Summarize how this conflict has a negative effect on the human population experiencing it.D 4

The separation of East Pakistan means “demise of Two Nations Theory”.Select one:TrueFalse

Which of the following does not come under Remedies of man wildlife conflicts.a.Solar-powered fencingb.Tiger conservation projectsc.Flood mitigationd.Wild animal hunting banning

Geography is a challenge as well as opportunity for PakistanSelect one:TrueFalse

Human Impact and Conservation