Design and discuss in detail your own network without and with subnetting by taking appropriate IPv4 IP addresses.

Sure, let's design a network with and without subnetting.

1. Network without Subnetting:

Let's assume we have a Class C network 192.168.1.0. In a Class C network, the first three octets (192.168.1) represent the network address and the last octet (.0) represents the host addresses. This network can have 254 hosts (2^8 - 2 = 254, subtracting 2 for the network address and broadcast address).

So, without subnetting, we can assign IP addresses to our devices as follows:

• Router: 192.168.1.1
• PC1: 192.168.1.2
• PC2: 192.168.1.3
• PC3: 192.168.1.4
• And so on, up to 192.168.1.254

2. Network with Subnetting:

Now, let's say we want to divide this network into smaller subnets. We can do this by borrowing bits from the host portion of the IP address.

Let's say we want to create 4 subnets. To do this, we need to borrow 2 bits (since 2^2 = 4). This means our new subnet mask will be 255.255.255.192 (since borrowing 2 bits adds 128 + 64 = 192 to the last octet of the default subnet mask).

Our subnets will be:

• Subnet 1: 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.63
• Subnet 2: 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
• Subnet 3: 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
• Subnet 4: 192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.255

Each subnet can have 62 hosts (2^6 - 2 = 62, subtracting 2 for the network address and broadcast address).

We can assign IP addresses to our devices as follows:

• Router in Subnet 1: 192.168.1.1
• PC1 in Subnet 1: 192.168.1.2
• PC2 in Subnet 2: 192.168.1.66
• PC3 in Subnet 3: 192.168.1.130
• And so on.

This is a basic example. In a real-world scenario, you would need to consider the specific requirements of your network, such as the number of hosts and subnets needed, and choose your IP addresses and subnet mask accordingly.