Which of the following accurately describes the genes for hemoglobin in icefish that inhabit very cold Antarctic waters?Multiple choice question.They have a hemoglobin gene which has many mutations, so they do not produce functional hemoglobin and have colorless blood.They have a hemoglobin gene with many mutations which directs the production of functional colorless hemoglobin making their blood also colorless.The hemoglobin gene appears to have been deleted from their genome, so they can't produce it and have colorless blood.

Which of the following is a pseudogene?Multiple choice question.The genes for icefish gill structureThe hemoglobin gene in humansThe genes for human eye colorThe hemoglobin gene in the icefish

In humans, red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is an oxygen-binding protein. Hemoglobin helps provide oxygen to the body’s tissues. Each molecule of hemoglobin is made up of four subunits. The human genome encodes multiple variations of the hemoglobin subunit, including the alpha, beta, and gamma chains. The specific subunits that make up the dominant form of hemoglobin in a person’s body are determined by the person’s age and genetic background.The hemoglobin that is present in a fetus, or fetal hemoglobin, has a different functional profile than the hemoglobin present after birth, which is called adult hemoglobin. This difference can be seen in Figure 1, which shows how strongly each type of hemoglobin binds to oxygen.The x axis is labeled Oxygen partial pressure with increments increasing by 40 and marked at zero, 40, 80, and 120. The y axis is labeled percent saturation with markings at zero, 50, and 100. There are 2 lines labeled on the graph. A solid line is labeled fetal hemoglobin, and a dotted line labeled adult hemoglobin. Both lines begin at 0,0. The fetal hemoglobin rises sharply from 0,0 and peaks at 40, 100. The fetal hemoglobin line then flattens out and remains at 100 percent saturation across the x axis. The adult hemoglobin line is shifted to the right. It begins at 0,0 and rises to reach a peak at 80, 100. The adult hemoglobin line then flattens out and remains at 100 percent saturation across the x axis.Figure 1. Oxygen dissociation curves for fetal and adult hemoglobin. The curve for fetal hemoglobin is shifted to the left compared to the curve for adult hemoglobin, indicating that fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen.Both adult and fetal hemoglobin contain alpha chain subunits. According to the information provided, which of the following diagrams is the most likely representation of fetal and adult hemoglobin?Images of 3 subunits of hemoglobin. One image is colored red and labeled alpha chain, one image is colored gray and labeled beta chain, and the third image is colored orange and labeled gamma chain.Choose 1 answer:Choose 1 answer:(Choice A)   A(Choice B)   B(Choice C)   C(Choice D)   D

Several techniques have been developed to treat blood disorders caused by genetic mutations.  Which of the following methods would be most effective in the treatment of a patient homozygous for a deleterious mutation in a gene coding for a subunit of hemoglobin?A.Replacement of the mutant gene with a functional copy in red blood cellsB.Treatment with a drug that increases red blood cell productionC.Introduction and activation of a functional hemoglobin gene in bone marrow stem cellsD.Single blood transfusion from a patient homozygous for the wild-type hemoglobin gene

Blood is red because of the presence of which molecule?Multiple choice question.PlasminAntibodiesHemoglobinThrombin

Which of the following has a stronger affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen has?