Explain the various control structure with its syntax and example.a) If elseb) Switch casec) Break,continue and goto

a) If else: The if-else control structure is used to perform different actions based on different conditions.

Syntax:

if (condition) {
   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
}

Example:

int a = 10;
if (a > 5) {
   printf("a is greater than 5");
} else {
   printf("a is not greater than 5");
}

b) Switch case: The switch case control structure is used to perform different actions based on the value of a variable or expression.

Syntax:

switch(expression) {
   case constant1:
      // code to be executed if expression equals constant1;
      break; 
   case constant2:
      // code to be executed if expression equals constant2;
      break;
   default: 
      // code to be executed if expression doesn't match any constants;
}

Example:

char grade = 'B';
switch(grade) {
   case 'A':
      printf("Excellent!");
      break;
   case 'B':
      printf("Good Job");
      break;
   default:
      printf("Invalid grade");
}

c) Break, continue and goto:

• Break: It is used to terminate the loop or switch statement and transfer execution to the statement immediately following the loop or switch.

Syntax:

break;

Example:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   if (i == 5) {
      break;
   }
   printf("%d ", i);
}

• Continue: It is used to skip the rest of the code inside the current loop iteration and immediately jump to the next iteration of the loop.

Syntax:

continue;

Example:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   if (i == 5) {
      continue;
   }
   printf("%d ", i);
}

• Goto: It is used to transfer control to the labeled statement in the program.

Syntax:

goto label;
...
label: statement;

Example:

int a = 10;
if (a > 5) {
   goto jump;
}
printf("a is not greater than 5");
jump:
printf("a is greater than 5");