What is super conductivity? How it is affected by magnetic field?
Question
What is super conductivity? How it is affected by magnetic field?
Solution
Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields when cooled below a certain temperature, known as the critical temperature. This means that an electric current can flow indefinitely without any energy loss.
The effect of a magnetic field on superconductivity is described by the Meissner effect. When a material makes the transition from the normal to superconducting state, it actively expels magnetic fields from its interior, a process known as diamagnetism. However, if the applied magnetic field is too strong, it can destroy the superconducting state, returning the material to its normal state. This is because the magnetic field disrupts the Cooper pairs, the paired electrons that enable superconductivity.
The critical temperature and the critical magnetic field are two of the most important parameters of a superconductor. The higher these critical values, the more useful the superconductor is for practical applications.
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