ALEXANDRIA, Egypt (Achieve3000, July 23, 2010). In the waters off Alexandria, Egypt, there is treasure. The Mediterranean Sea harbors the submerged ruins of a palace and temple complex from which the ancient Egyptian Queen Cleopatra ruled until 30 BCE. Divers have been exploring these ruins since the 1990s. They're learning more about the end of the Egyptian kingdom by examining objects left behind by its last ruler.The palace differs from other archaeological sites because it is in good condition. People have destroyed many of the other sites; statues and other structures are cut or smashed to pieces. Alexandria's Royal Quarters suffered a different fate. In the fourth and eighth centuries, major earthquakes occurred. The quakes caused the ports, cape, and islands that were full of temples, palaces, and military outposts to slide into the sea. After the second quake, the area was abandoned and its port remained unused. As a result, many of its treasures are not broken. They haven't aged much either, because sediment protects them from the salt water."[The palace is] as it was when it sank," said Ashraf Abdel-Raouf of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities.French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio and his team found the site in the 1990s. Using advanced electronic equipment, the team conducted surveys of the seabed. This allowed them to deal with the harbor's extremely poor visibility and to excavate the area.In the years since they first mapped the area, Goddio and his team have discovered a wide range of items. The harbor contains everything from coins and everyday objects to colossal granite statues of Egypt's ancient rulers and sunken temples dedicated to Egyptian gods."It's a unique site in the world," said Goddio, who has spent two decades searching for shipwrecks and lost cities below the sea. Goddio's international team members are now carefully excavating the site. They are turning up stunning objects from Egypt's last dynasty.Every time Goddio and his team dive into the murky water and find something new, they go back in time. Each find is part of the story of Cleopatra. Often called a queen, she was Egypt's last pharaoh. (The Roman Empire conquered Egypt in 30 BCE.) On one dive to explore Cleopatra's world, divers found a huge stone head. It is believed to be of Caesarion, the son of Cleopatra. They also found two sphinxes, one of them probably representing Cleopatra's father, Ptolemy XII. On another dive, archaeologists explored the Timonium. This building was commissioned by the Roman General Marc Antony, who had a romance with Cleopatra. Antony used the Timonium as a retreat after his rival Octavian defeated him. (Octavian later became the Roman Emperor Augustus.)The finds from Cleopatra's palace are on display at The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, in an exhibition titled "Cleopatra: The Search for the Last Queen of Egypt." They will remain there until January 2, 2011. The exhibition will then tour several other North American cities.The Associated Press contributed to this story.current page is 112TO-DONOTESVOCABULARYQUESTION 7QUESTION 7 OF 8 7 / 8Which of these happened after Franck Goddio and his team first mapped the archaeological site near Alexandria?HINTA.A major earthquake caused some buildings to slide into the sea.B.The team started using electronic equipment to conduct surveys of the seabed.C.The area surrounding what had been Cleopatra's palace was abandoned.D.The divers discovered everything from coins to huge granite statues.SUBMITExtras© 2024 Achieve3000 Inc. and its licensors.All Rights Reserved.

Found: Riches From a QueenAdd to FavoritesWorld History Studies: 300-1500MagnifyMagnifyPhoto credit and all related images: AP Photo / Franck Goddio & Hilti Foundation / Christoph GerigkA diver inspects ruins from a temple and palace of Queen Cleopatra on the seabed of the harbor near Alexandria, Egypt.ALEXANDRIA, Egypt (Achieve3000, July 23, 2010). In the waters off Alexandria, Egypt, there is treasure. The Mediterranean Sea harbors the submerged ruins of a palace and temple complex from which the ancient Egyptian Queen Cleopatra ruled until 30 BCE. Divers have been scrutinizing these ruins since the 1990s. They are learning more about the end of the Egyptian kingdom by examining objects left behind by its last ruler.The palace differs from other archaeological sites because it is relatively unscathed by time and other factors. People have destroyed many of the other sites; statues and other structures in various locations are cut or smashed to pieces. Alexandria's Royal Quarters suffered a different fate—the ports, cape, and islands that were full of temples, palaces, and military outposts slid into the sea after major earthquakes occurred in the fourth and eighth centuries. After the second quake, the area was abandoned and its port remained unused. As a result, many of its treasures are completely intact, wrapped in sediment protecting them from the salt water."[The palace is] as it was when it sank," said Ashraf Abdel-Raouf of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities.French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio and his team found the site in the 1990s. Using advanced electronic equipment, the team conducted surveys of the seabed that allowed them to deal with the harbor's extremely poor visibility and excavate the area.In the years since they first mapped the area, Goddio and his team have discovered everything from coins and everyday objects to colossal granite statues of Egypt's ancient rulers and sunken temples dedicated to Egyptian gods."It's a unique site in the world," said Goddio, who has spent two decades searching for shipwrecks and lost cities below the sea. Goddio's international team members are now painstakingly excavating the site. They are retrieving stunning artifacts from the last dynasty to rule over ancient Egypt before the Roman Empire conquered it in 30 BCE.Every time Goddio and his team dive into the murky water and find something new, they go back in time. Each find is part of the story of Cleopatra, Egypt's last pharaoh. On one dive, divers found a huge stone head believed to be of Caesarion, the son of Cleopatra. They also found two sphinxes, one of them probably representing Cleopatra's father, Ptolemy XII. On another dive, archaeologists explored the Timonium, a building commissioned by the Roman General Marc Antony, who had a romance with Cleopatra. Antony used the building as a retreat after his rival Octavian defeated him. Octavian later became the Roman Emperor Augustus.The finds from Cleopatra's palace are on display until January 2, 2011, at The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, in an exhibition titled "Cleopatra: The Search for the Last Queen of Egypt." After January, the exhibition will tour several other North American cities.The Associated Press contributed to this story.current page is 112TO-DONOTESVOCABULARYQUESTION 1QUESTION 1 OF 8 1 / 8The best alternate headline for this article would be __________.A.Archaeologists Find Artifacts at Cleopatra's Submerged PalaceB.Supreme Council of Antiquities Vows To Protect Sunken TreasureC.Alexandria's Royal Quarters Damaged by Severe EarthquakesD.Granite Statues and Temples Dedicated to Egyptian GodsSUBMITExtras

any of its treasures are not broken. They haven't aged much either, because sediment protects them from the salt water."[The palace is] as it was when it sank," said Ashraf Abdel-Raouf of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities.French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio and his team found the site in the 1990s. Using advanced electronic equipment, the team conducted surveys of the seabed. This allowed them to deal with the harbor's extremely poor visibility and to excavate the area.In the years since they first mapped the area, Goddio and his team have discovered a wide range of items. The harbor contains everything from coins and everyday objects to colossal granite statues of Egypt's ancient rulers and sunken temples dedicated to Egyptian gods."It's a unique site in the world," said Goddio, who has spent two decades searching for shipwrecks and lost cities below the sea. Goddio's international team members are now carefully excavating the site. They are turning up stunning objects from Egypt's last dynasty.Every time Goddio and his team dive into the murky water and find something new, they go back in time. Each find is part of the story of Cleopatra. Often called a queen, she was Egypt's last pharaoh. (The Roman Empire conquered Egypt in 30 BCE.) On one dive to explore Cleopatra's world, divers found a huge stone head. It is believed to be of Caesarion, the son of Cleopatra. They also found two sphinxes, one of them probably representing Cleopatra's father, Ptolemy XII. On another dive, archaeologists explored the Timonium. This building was commissioned by the Roman General Marc Antony, who had a romance with Cleopatra. Antony used the Timonium as a retreat after his rival Octavian defeated him. (Octavian later became the Roman Emperor Augustus.)The finds from Cleopatra's palace are on display at The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, in an exhibition titled "Cleopatra: The Search for the Last Queen of Egypt." They will remain there until January 2, 2011. The exhibition will then tour several other North American cities.The Associated Press contributed to this story.current page is 112TO-DONOTESVOCABULARYQUESTION 2QUESTION 2 OF 8 2 / 8What cause and effect relationship is described in this article?A.Because Alexandria's Royal Quarters slipped into the sea hundreds of years ago, the salt water has dissolved most of its objects.B.Because of poor visibility in murky water, divers exploring the ancient ruins near Alexandria have found very few ancient treasures.C.Because Cleopatra was the last ancient Egyptian queen, the people of Egypt have preserved the remains of her palace.D.Because an earthquake caused Alexandria's Royal Quarters to slip into the sea, many of its treasures are not broken.

apital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom

The Egyptian pyramids remain quite mysterious. We do not know exactly who built them or how they were built. Time, thieves, and earthquakes have damaged many of them. Nearly all of the shining limestone rock that once covered the pyramids has been stolen or destroyed. Most of the treasures that once filled the pyramids are long gone. Even though the pyramids are not as magnificent as they once were, they are still a source of fascination. Millions of tourists from around the world come to visit the pyramids every year. Egyptologists also continue to study them, hoping to find answers to some of history’s greatest—and oldest—mysteries.

Ancient Egypt's history was thousands of years long and involved three major kingdoms with intermediate periods of disorganization in the intervening years. The Old Kingdom ruled Egypt from 2686 to 2181 BCE. During this time, powerful pharaohs completed great pyramids. The kingdom collapsed into chaos and was followed by the First Intermediate Period. In 2055 BCE, the Middle Kingdom arose. It collapsed in 1786 BCE, the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. The New Kingdom, which included King Tutankhamun's short rule, ran from 1567 to 1085 BCE. Egypt never returned to its former glory, and Alexander the Great of Macedonia conquered it in 332 BCE.Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?