For people with delayed sleep phase disorder, light therapy is an option. When should people with DSPD get light exposure, if they want to bring forward their sleep-wake schedule?Group of answer choicesIn the two hours before bedtimeImmediately before bedtimeTwo hours after waking upImmediately on waking up

According to the phase response curve for light, when is the best time to get light to achieve a phase delay?Group of answer choicesIn the afternoonIn the morningAfter dusk

e use of light-emitting electronic devices before bedtime may contribute to or exacerbate sleep problems. Exposure to blue-wavelength light in particular from these devices may affect sleep by suppressing melatonin and causing neurophysiologic arousal. We aimed to determine if wearing amber-tinted blue light-blocking lenses before bedtime improves sleep in individuals with insomnia. Fourteen individuals (n = 8 females; age ± SD 46.6 ± 11.5 y) with insomnia symptoms wore blue light-blocking amber lenses or clear placebo lenses in lightweight wraparound frames for 2 h immediately preceding bedtime for 7 consecutive nights in a randomized crossover trial (4-wk washout). Ambulatory sleep measures included the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS) completed at the end of each intervention period, and daily post-sleep questionnaire and wrist-actigraphy. PIRS total scores, and Quality of Life, Distress, and Sleep Parameter subscales, were improved in amber vs. clear lenses condition (p-values <0.05). Reported wake-time was significantly delayed, and mean subjective total sleep time (TST), overall quality, and soundness of sleep were significantly higher (p-values <0.05) in amber vs. clear lenses condition over the 7-d intervention period. Actigraphic measures of TST only were significantly higher in amber vs. clear lenses condition (p = 0.035). Wearing amber vs. clear lenses for 2-h preceding bedtime for 1 week improved sleep in individuals with insomnia symptoms. These findings have health relevance given the broad use of light-emitting devices before bedtime and prevalence of insomnia. Amber lenses represent a safe, affordable, and easily implemented therapeutic intervention for insomnia symptoms.

The Sleep Foundation reports that exposure to blue light leading up to bedtime can hinder sleep. This is because: Group of answer choicesAll of the above are correctBlue light reduces the body temperatureBlue light may suppress the body's secretion of melatoninBlue light reduces heart rate

The effectiveness of ‘light therapy’ has been proposed as evidence for which major etiological theory of bipolar disorders?Question 2Select one:a.The ‘circadian rhythms’ theoryb.The ‘dopamine sensitivity theory’c.The ‘serotonin synthesis theory’d.The ‘mania stabilization’ theory

What would be a good title of a book about the delayed phase shift or preference of sleep?答案选项组Sleepwalking, Sleeptalking, Sleep Paralysis, Oh My!The Dangers of Acting Out Our DreamsLetting Go of Time: The Cycles of Sleep Without CuesFighting Biology: The Role of Melatonin in the Teenage Insomnia Epidemic