Define geothermal energy. Also mention two projects which have been set in India toharness geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is the heat derived within the sub-surface of the earth. Water or steam carries the geothermal energy to the Earth's surface. Depending on its characteristics, geothermal energy can be used for heating and cooling purposes or be harnessed to generate clean electricity.

In India, two significant projects have been set up to harness geothermal energy:

1. The Puga Valley Geothermal Field Project: Located in the Himalayan state of Ladakh, the Puga Valley is known for its hot springs and geothermal reservoirs. The National Geophysical Research Institute and the Geological Survey of India have conducted several exploratory missions in this region. The Puga Valley project is India's first geothermal power project, aiming to harness this renewable source of energy.

2. The Tattapani Geothermal Field: The Tattapani geothermal field is located in the state of Chhattisgarh. The Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company (CSPGCL) has signed an agreement with the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) to set up a geothermal power plant in this region. This project aims to use geothermal energy to produce electricity, contributing to India's renewable energy goals.