Which of the following statements best reflects why we need to understand the theories/models of substance use underpinning the services available for those seeking help?Question 10Select one:a.So that we can differentiate services throughout our system for help seekers that reflect the level of treatment intervention that they might prefer (i.e., from Spiritual through to Public Health).b.So that we can more effectively finance support for those with substance-use issues using certain approaches that reflect low-cost, groups approaches (e.g., spiritual-based models).c.So that GPs and Practice Nurses are able to offer a wider range of interventions for help seekers at primary care in order to stop them reaching hospitals.d.So that we can focus our funding and efforts on supporting services that use evidence-based theories/model of substance misuse (i.e., they have data showing that they work) and that do not harm or stigmatise those seeking help.

An addiction treatment specialist is working with a client to reduce or eliminate the client’s dependence on alcohol. The specialist decides that a three-part approach is required that changes the clients risk-taking attitudes, substitutes high-strength beer with low-strength beer, and gets the client to forego their usual alcohol-friendly hang-outs in favour of family-oriented environments. Such an approach to addiction treatment reflects which model? Question 6Select one:The Biological ModelThe Moral ModelThe Public Health ModelThe Spiritual Model

The Spiritual approach in treatment of drug dependence makes use of what as a source of inspiration to change drug dependents and looks at drug abuse as a sin.*1 pointBible TeachingsMeditationRole ModelingPsychiatric Sessions

"Jill said that her biological relatives, grandmother, her grandmother’s sister, her mother, and her aunt were all heavy-drinkers, never treated."Re-read the quote above from Hammer et al (2012). Now answer this question:Which of the models of substance misuse - which we covered in the first reading this week – best reflects the role in this quote that families seem to be playing in the life of some of the substance misusers?Question 7Select one:The Moral ModelPsychological ModelsThe Public Health ModelFamily Systems Models

The three readings this week all focus on the history of drugs (or alcohol specifically) in human society. Which of the following statements best reflects a key message that we can see resulting from these three readings?Question 10Select one:a.Drug misuse is as common as drug use and the two go hand-in-hand. Although we have a long history of drug use across cultures for social and religious purposes our most recent trends suggest that we need to reduce misuse by taking an abstinence approach (not taking any drugs).b.Drug use is common throughout history as is drug misuse which is a growing concern. The only way to reduce drug misuse is to reduce overall drug use by introducing legislation that targets the cultures most likely to use drugs.c.Drugs are here to stay and that makes sense given our history. There is not really much we can do about the harms that they cause. We’ve tried to reduce harm with a ‘War on Drugs’ approach but this hasn’t worked so let’s just avoid tinkering.d.Drug use is common and has been an accepted part of social and religious life across many cultures. However, lax legislation and social rules can also make drug misuse common (regardless of culture) and this can be very destructive.

Use at least one theory to explain the attitudes to drug use reported in this survey.