The ____________ consists of discretizing the relief and calculating the gravimetric effect of all the elementary solids thus defined and the measuring point, taking into account their distance from the station and the density of the rocks that make up these blocks.

The process you're referring to is known as the "gravimetric method". This method is used in geophysics to measure the gravitational field of the Earth. Here are the steps:

1. Discretization of the relief: The first step is to break down the complex shape of the terrain into small, manageable blocks. This process is known as discretization. Each block is assumed to be a small, elementary solid.

2. Calculation of the gravimetric effect: Next, the gravitational effect of each of these blocks is calculated. This is done by considering the mass of the block (which depends on the density of the rock) and its distance from the measuring point.

3. Summation: The gravitational effects of all the blocks are then added up to give the total gravitational effect at the measuring point.

4. Interpretation: The resulting data is then interpreted to provide information about the subsurface structure and composition. This can be used for various purposes, such as mineral exploration, oil and gas exploration, and geotechnical investigations.

The process you're referring to is known as the "gravimetric method" in geophysics. Here are the steps:

1. Discretization of the Relief: The first step involves breaking down the relief (or topography) into small, manageable units. This process is known as discretization. It's similar to how a digital image is made up of numerous tiny pixels.

2. Calculation of Gravimetric Effect: Next, the gravimetric effect (or gravitational effect) of each of these small units is calculated. This involves understanding how the mass of these units influences the gravitational field at the measurement point.

3. Consideration of Distance and Density: The calculations take into account the distance of each unit from the measurement station. They also consider the density of the rocks that make up these units. Both of these factors can influence the gravitational effect.

4. Summation: Finally, the gravimetric effects of all the units are added together. This gives a comprehensive picture of the gravitational field over the entire relief.

This method is often used in geophysics to study the Earth's gravitational field and to detect anomalies, which can indicate the presence of oil, minerals, or other geological features.