a) Discuss five system characteristics that must be considered in architectural design.(5 Marks)b) Software projects under development will always consume resources, e.g. costs. Describe thevarious cost items needed in a software development project. (5 Marks)c) Differentiate between static and dynamic verification. (4 Marks)d) Discuss four characteristics of good software. (6 Marks)

a) Define the term software stating the types of software products. (4 Marks)b) Assume that you are a software engineer practicing in a software development firm.Assume further that your team mates have been undertaking some unethical practicesduring their course of duty. Discuss four issues of professional responsibility that youwould advise them to follow. (8 Marks)c) Discuss four software cost estimation techniques (8 Marks)d) Giving examples discuss the types of non-functional requirements (6 Marks)e) Discuss four sources of changes in software requirements. (4 Marks)

1.Question 1Which of the following best describes software architecture? 1 pointThe choice of technology stack drives the software architecture. It captures implementation details. It represents the earliest design decisions. It describes how the application should be coded. 2.Question 2Which of the following are artifacts that result from designing the software architecture? 1 pointSoftware requirements specification (SRS) Administrator user guide UML diagrams Test cases 3.Question 3Components in a well-structured design should be ___________________. 1 pointloosely cohesive tightly cohesive tightly coupled loosely constrained 4.Question 4Which of the following is an advantage of using UML diagrams when designing software architecture? 1 pointThey describe which parameters should be passed when instantiating an object. They all use JavaScript. They serve to bring new team members up to speed quickly. They explain which methods should be included when coding an object. 5.Question 5Which of the following best describes encapsulation? 1 pointA component should be easily replaced with another component. Bundling data and methods to hide an internal state, so a component’s specific implementation is not exposed. A component’s design so it doesn’t have dependencies on other components. Designing a component so it operates in different environments. 6.Question 6Which of the following best describes a service? 1 pointIt is a type of object. A focus on the decomposition of a design into logical components. A service defines, composes, and implements loosely coupled independent components so they work together to create an application.  A unit of functionality that focuses on a solution to a business need, is deployed independently, and is reused by multiple systems. 7.Question 7Which statement is true regarding a 2-tier architecture? 1 pointA 2-tier architecture consists of a decentralized network of nodes that are both clients and servers. The interface resides on client machines and makes requests to a server for data or services. A 2-tier architecture consists of producers and consumers of events. The two different tiers are the application tier and the data tier. 8.Question 8Which of the following architecture patterns are mutually exclusive? 1 pointMicroservices and event-driven Peer-to-peer and two-tier Three-tier and microservices Peer-to-peer and event-driven 9.Question 9Which of the following environments is intended for developers to use while they are actively coding the application? 1 pointDevelopment QA Production Staging 10.Question 10Which of the following is a security device that monitors traffic between an internal and an external network? 1 pointRouter Firewall Web server Load balancer

a) Describe the following software design approaches (4 Marks)i). Distributed Systems Designii). Architectural Designb) Discuss four benefits of designing a system as a Distributed System.(4 Marks)c) Using the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) Discuss the View Points requirementengineering techniques, giving appropriate examples (6 Marks)d) State and explain the challenges that are facing software engineers in the 21st Centuryshowing how those challenges can be overcome. (6 Marks)

1.Question 1Which of the following best describes software architecture? 1 pointIt is intended for the developers only. It captures implementation details. The choice of technology stack drives the software architecture. It serves as a blueprint for the developers. 2.Question 2Which of the following should be included in the software design document (SDD)? 1 pointCode Test cases Constraints and dependencies Object definitions 3.Question 3Components in a well-structured design should be ___________________. 1 pointloosely coupled tightly constrained tightly coupled loosely cohesive 4.Question 4Which of the following is an advantage of using UML diagrams when designing software architecture? 1 pointThey help plan out structures and behaviors in advance of coding. They help facilitate communication among team members. They help developers navigate source code. All of the above 5.Question 5What is the blueprint of an object called? 1 pointA method A property An instance A class

3.1 Discuss the significance and use of requirement engineering. What arethe problems in the formulation of requirements?3.2 Requirements analysis is unquestionably the most communicationintensive step in the software engineering process. Why does thecommunication path frequently break down ?3.3 What are crucial process steps of requirement engineering ? Discuss withthe help of a diagram.3.4 Discuss the present state of practices in requirement engineering. Suggestfew steps to improve the present state of practice.3.5 Explain the importance of requirements. How many types ofrequirements are possible and why ?3.7 What do you understand with the term “requirements elicitation” ?Discuss any two techniques in detail.3.8 List out requirements elicitation techniques. Which one is most popularand why ?3.6 Describe the various steps of requirements engineering. Is it essential tofollow these steps ?