Define the terms verification and validation in the context of modeling. (4 Marks)

Verification and Validation are two critical concepts in the field of modeling, particularly in systems and software engineering.

1. Verification: Verification refers to the process of checking that a product, system, or model meets specified requirements. It is essentially about making sure the model is technically correct and it works as it's supposed to. This process often involves reviews and inspections. In the context of modeling, verification ensures that the model has been built right, i.e., the model correctly represents the developer's conceptual description and specifications. (2 Marks)

2. Validation: Validation, on the other hand, is the process of evaluating a system or component during or at the end of the development process to determine whether it satisfies the user's requirements. In other words, it's about making sure the right model was built, i.e., the model accurately represents the real-world situation it was designed to mimic. Validation is usually achieved through calibration, which involves comparing model outputs with real-world observations. (2 Marks)