When they are working with families from diverse backgrounds, what is one cultural dimension of families for teachers to be aware of? a. country of origin b. cultural biases c. immigration status d. attitudes toward help

Which of the following best describes why it is important that teachers and caregivers understand sociocultural differences that exist among the various ethnic groups? a. Europeans, Asians, Africans, and Indians grow up with different attitudes toward education. b. The United States has always been a country of immigrants from all over the globe. c. It forms the basis of education that incorporates the histories, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds. d. A lack of cultural understanding can lead to misinterpretation of children’s language and cognitive competencies.

Which of the following is an example of a structural barrier to overcoming cultural inequities in Australian schooling/education?Group of answer choicesLimited access to quality educational resources and facilities in low-income communities.Cultural differences in parenting styles and expectations for academic achievement.Lack of personal motivation and effort among students from culturally diverse backgrounds.Individual attitudes and stereotypes held by teachers towards culturally diverse students.

Evaluate the view that ethnicity is the most important influence oneducational attainment.Indicative contentIn support AgainstPoints  Attainment varies byethnicity, both relatedto and independent ofclass. Material factors varywith ethnicity,especially groupsexperiencing householdand communitymaterial deprivationand links to attainment. Cultural factors varywith ethnicity – culturalcapital, schoolknowledge andethnocentriccurriculum. Teacher negativestereotypes of pupilsoften linked to ethnicity.Labelling, streaming,discipline, exclusions. Ethnic subculturesinfluencing motivationand attainment. Teachers may havedifferent expectationsof gender withindifferent ethnic groups. Girls’ disadvantageshave been easier toaddress successfullywith social policy. Pupils’ self-image andaspirations linked totheir ethnicity andaffects impact of classand gender. Evidence of class beingthe dominant factor ineducational inequality. Ethnic inequalities oftenonly significantbecause of lower classcontext. Class differences moreentrenched incapitalism. Varies according tonational context; someplaces girls excludedfrom educationwhatever ethnicity,private school can betoo expensive whateverethnicity, etc. Meritocratic argumentthat attainment mainlydue to Intelligence andeffort. Structuralist views thatlimits on attainment setby needs ofsociety/economyirrespective ofindividual identities.269699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark SchemePUBLISHEDMay/June 2022© UCLES 2022 Page 11 of 14Question Answer Marks4 In support AgainstResearchevidenceBourdieuGillborn and YoudellMorley and LussierMac an GhaillMirzaConnollyShain,Modood,SewellArcherReidJamalJacksonBallReayBoalerAdditionalconceptsMaterial deprivationCultural deprivationCultural capitalHabitusInstitutional racismEthnocentrismPatriarchyCounter school subcultureCapitalismClass conflictIdeologySocial mobilityAttainment gapMeritocracyThe above content is indicative and other relevant approaches to thequestion should be rewarded appropriately.Use the levels of response marking grids at the end of the mark scheme toassess Question 4.9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark SchemePUBLISHEDMay/June 2022© UCLES 2022 Page 12 of 14Levels of response for Question 4The maximum mark for Question 4 is 26.Examiners should award up to 10 marks for AO1, up to 6 marks for AO2, and up to 10 marks for AO3.Level AO1: Knowledge and Understanding Marks5  Very good knowledge and understanding of the view that ethnicity is themost important influence on educational attainment. The response contains a wide range of detailed points with very gooduse of concepts and theory or research evidence.

As a teacher of a diverse group of students, it is important that you recognize your own cultural uniqueness and explore your feelings about people who are different from you. a. True b. False

Reflection assists with the development of cultural competence and understanding of intergenerational disadvantage. Explain what cultural competence is and how it impacts on the ability of educators to support inclusivity.Take into consideration educators’ own learning and understanding of their own cultural influences the need to provide safe environment for children living in poverty or coming from disadvantaged (intergenerational disadvantage), disenfranchised and refugee backgrounds.