Our little choco lover friend, Chinks is fond of chocolates. He has a chocolate bar of dimension mxn which he wants to break into 1x1 pieces.As a panda he is obliged to be lazy and now before actually breaking the chocolate into pieces,he wants to know how many cuts he will need to get 1x1 bars.?For e.g : Given a bar of size 2x2, we need 3 cuts : 1 cut will give two 1x2 pieces. Each of those two 1x2 pieces will need one cut further to give finally four 1x1 pieces.Input FormatFirst line contains number of test cases TEach of the next T lines contains 2 space seperated integers M and N giving size of the chocolate (M = width, N = height)Constraints1 <= T <= 1001 <= M <= 500001 <= N <= 50000Output FormatOne line per test case printing an integer denoting number of cuts required.Sample Input 021 12 1Sample Output 001Explanation 0Bar of size 1x1 doesn't need any cuts i.e 0 cuts Bar of size 2x1 just needs 1 cut to give two 1x1 piecesSample Input 11023601 1049817580 2247311740 4887619784 3057539961 3968914621 3908340332 3292127999 4103619762 2665747169 3454Sample Output 1247763297395075339573804239604895799158601212857143254213277697711148966963526795633162921725
Question
Our little choco lover friend, Chinks is fond of chocolates. He has a chocolate bar of dimension mxn which he wants to break into 1x1 pieces.As a panda he is obliged to be lazy and now before actually breaking the chocolate into pieces,he wants to know how many cuts he will need to get 1x1 bars.?For e.g : Given a bar of size 2x2, we need 3 cuts : 1 cut will give two 1x2 pieces. Each of those two 1x2 pieces will need one cut further to give finally four 1x1 pieces.Input FormatFirst line contains number of test cases TEach of the next T lines contains 2 space seperated integers M and N giving size of the chocolate (M = width, N = height)Constraints1 <= T <= 1001 <= M <= 500001 <= N <= 50000Output FormatOne line per test case printing an integer denoting number of cuts required.Sample Input 021 12 1Sample Output 001Explanation 0Bar of size 1x1 doesn't need any cuts i.e 0 cuts Bar of size 2x1 just needs 1 cut to give two 1x1 piecesSample Input 11023601 1049817580 2247311740 4887619784 3057539961 3968914621 3908340332 3292127999 4103619762 2665747169 3454Sample Output 1247763297395075339573804239604895799158601212857143254213277697711148966963526795633162921725
Solution
To solve this problem, we need to find the number of cuts required to break a chocolate bar of size mxn into 1x1 pieces.
First, we need to read the number of test cases, which is given as T.
Then, for each test case, we need to read the dimensions of the chocolate bar, which are given as M and N.
Next, we need to calculate the number of cuts required for each test case.
If the chocolate bar is already of size 1x1, then no cuts are needed, so the answer is 0.
If the chocolate bar is of size 2x1, then we need 1 cut to break it into two 1x1 pieces.
For larger chocolate bars, we can observe that each cut will divide the bar into two smaller pieces. Each of these smaller pieces will then need one cut further to break it into 1x1 pieces.
Therefore, the total number of cuts required can be calculated as (M-1) + (N-1).
Finally, we need to print the number of cuts required for each test case.
The output format should be one line per test case, printing an integer denoting the number of cuts required.
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