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A decision-maker under conditions of risk knows a. With certainty the outcome of any decision or alternative b. The probability of occurrence of the outcomes or consequences for each choice c. The optimistic outcome and the pessimistic outcomes of any decision or alternative d. The maximin, maximax and Laplace outcomes of any decision or alternative e. Nothing about the outcome of a decision or alternative

Question

A decision-maker under conditions of risk knows
a. With certainty the outcome of any decision or alternative b. The probability of occurrence of the outcomes or consequences for each choice c. The optimistic outcome and the pessimistic outcomes of any decision or alternative
d. The maximin, maximax and Laplace outcomes of any decision or alternative e. Nothing about the outcome of a decision or alternative

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Solution

The correct answer is b. "The probability of occurrence of the outcomes or consequences for each choice".

Under conditions of risk, a decision-maker doesn't know with certainty the outcome of any decision or alternative (option a), but they do know the probability of occurrence of the outcomes or consequences for each choice (option b). This is because risk involves uncertainty, but it's an uncertainty that can be measured and quantified.

Option c, d, and e are not correct. The decision-maker may not necessarily know the optimistic and pessimistic outcomes of any decision or alternative (option c), or the maximin, maximax and Laplace outcomes of any decision or alternative (option d). And they certainly know something about the outcome of a decision or alternative, so option e is not correct.

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