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Find the area enclosed by the curve r=1+cosθ and r=1 the radius vectors at θ=0 to θ=pi/2.

Question

Find the area enclosed by the curve r=1+cosθ and r=1 the radius vectors at θ=0 to θ=pi/2.

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Solution

Para encontrar el área encerrada por las curvas r=1+cosθ r = 1 + \cos \theta y r=1 r = 1 en el intervalo de θ=0 \theta = 0 a θ=π2 \theta = \frac{\pi}{2} , seguimos estos pasos:

  1. Identificar las curvas y el intervalo:

    • La primera curva es r=1+cosθ r = 1 + \cos \theta .
    • La segunda curva es r=1 r = 1 .
    • El intervalo de θ\theta es de 00 a π2\frac{\pi}{2}.
  2. Encontrar los puntos de intersección:

    • Igualamos las dos ecuaciones para encontrar los puntos donde se intersectan: 1+cosθ=1 1 + \cos \theta = 1
    • Simplificando, obtenemos: cosθ=0 \cos \theta = 0
    • Esto ocurre en θ=π2\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}.
  3. Determinar el área entre las curvas:

    • El área encerrada entre dos curvas en coordenadas polares se calcula usando la fórmula: A=12αβ(r12r22)dθ A = \frac{1}{2} \int_{\alpha}^{\beta} \left( r_1^2 - r_2^2 \right) d\theta
    • En este caso, r1=1+cosθ r_1 = 1 + \cos \theta y r2=1 r_2 = 1 , y el intervalo es de 00 a π2\frac{\pi}{2}.
  4. Configurar la integral:

    • Sustituimos r1 r_1 y r2 r_2 en la fórmula del área: A=120π2((1+cosθ)212)dθ A = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \left( (1 + \cos \theta)^2 - 1^2 \right) d\theta
    • Simplificamos la expresión dentro de la integral: (1+cosθ)21=1+2cosθ+cos2θ1=2cosθ+cos2θ (1 + \cos \theta)^2 - 1 = 1 + 2\cos \theta + \cos^2 \theta - 1 = 2\cos \theta + \cos^2 \theta
  5. Resolver la integral:

    • La integral se convierte en: A=120π2(2cosθ+cos2θ)dθ A = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (2\cos \theta + \cos^2 \theta) d\theta
    • Separamos la integral en dos partes: A=12(0π22cosθdθ+0π2cos2θdθ) A = \frac{1}{2} \left( \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} 2\cos \theta \, d\theta + \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2 \theta \, d\theta \right)
  6. Calcular cada integral por separado:

    • Para la primera integral: 0π22cosθdθ=2[sinθ]0π2=2(10)=2 \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} 2\cos \theta \, d\theta = 2 \left[ \sin \theta \right]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} = 2(1 - 0) = 2
    • Para la segunda integral, usamos la identidad cos2θ=1+cos2θ2\cos^2 \theta = \frac{1 + \cos 2\theta}{2}: 0π2cos2θdθ=0π21+cos2θ2dθ=120π2(1+cos2θ)dθ \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2 \theta \, d\theta = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{1 + \cos 2\theta}{2} \, d\theta = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (1 + \cos 2\theta) \, d\theta =12(0π21dθ+0π2cos2θdθ) = \frac{1}{2} \left( \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} 1 \, d\theta + \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos 2\theta \, d\theta \right) =12([θ]0π2+[sin2θ2]0π2) = \frac{1}{2} \left( \left[ \theta \right]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} + \left[ \frac{\sin 2\theta}{2} \right]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \right) =12(π2+0)=π4 = \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{\pi}{2} + 0 \right) = \frac{\pi}{4}
  7. Sumar los resultados:

    • Sumamos las dos integrales: A=12(2+π4)=12(8+π4)=8+π8 A = \frac{1}{2} \left( 2 + \frac{\pi}{4} \right) = \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{8 + \pi}{4} \right) = \frac{8 + \pi}{8}

Por lo tanto, el área encerrada por las curvas r=1+cosθ r = 1 + \cos \theta y r=1 r = 1 desde θ=0\theta = 0 hasta θ=π2\theta = \frac{\pi}{2} es: A=8+π8 A = \frac{8 + \pi}{8}

This problem has been solved

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