Select all that applyWhich of the following are examples of pathogen-associated molecular patterns?Multiple select question.PeptidoglycanViral RNAsThe cholera toxinLipopolysaccharides in gram-negative bacteriaBacterial pili
Question
Select all that applyWhich of the following are examples of pathogen-associated molecular patterns?Multiple select question.PeptidoglycanViral RNAsThe cholera toxinLipopolysaccharides in gram-negative bacteriaBacterial pili
Solution
The examples of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from the options provided are:
- Peptidoglycan
- Viral RNAs
- Lipopolysaccharides in gram-negative bacteria
Explanation: PAMPs are molecules associated with groups of pathogens, that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system. These can be lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, or even viral RNAs.
However, the cholera toxin and bacterial pili are not considered PAMPs. The cholera toxin is a protein exotoxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, and bacterial pili are appendages found on the surface of many bacteria, but they are not recognized by the innate immune system as PAMPs.
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