A woman who wants a baby but is opposed to using medical intervention to become pregnant is informed by her doctor that she will never conceive without medical intervention.  Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that this woman is most likely to do all of the following, EXCEPT:A.seek a second opinion from another doctor.B.change her attitude about using medical intervention to become pregnant.C.accept her doctor's diagnosis while maintaining her own opposition to medical intervention.D.decide that she does not want to have a baby.

Which of the following would be the best example of “hostile sexism” directed toward a pregnant woman?Group of answer choicesA person being overly helpful toward a pregnant woman.An employer avoiding hiring a pregnant woman.A person avoiding making eye contact with a pregnant woman.A stranger feeling that they have a right to touch the stomach of a pregnant woman.

Cognitive dissonance is a type of psychological conflict that can occur after a .

Studies suggest that health outcomes for preventable diseases are impacted by delayed treatment and lack of compliance.  People often postpone seeking medical care because they fear hearing bad news from their physician.  Paradoxically, when they finally do see a doctor, they may find out that their disease is indeed serious, but only because treatment was so delayed.Refusal to comply with a physician's instructions is another major issue.  Although there are many reasons for this, one possible explanation is that patients are responding with psychological reactance.  Reactance theory suggests that when an individual perceives that free choice is threatened or limited, he or she may respond by wanting to perform the threatened behavior even more, as if to preserve original freedoms.  For example, if a physician tells a patient to quit smoking, the smoker might respond by smoking even more in an effort to preserve the freedom to smoke.Researchers hypothesize that psychological reactance may be reduced or avoided when physicians communicate with their patients through a process known as deliberation.  In the following example, the physician has already explained to the patient that her weight could be having a negative impact on her diabetes.  The physician, using deliberation, then initiates a dialogue about how the patient would like to address the situation:Physician:  "You are already taking pretty strong medications, so your options are either to change your eating habits or increase your level of exercise.  It's your choice."Patient:  "I think I could exercise more by joining a gym.  I could stop eating dessert, but I would hate to give up chocolate."Physician:  "Okay.  Let's negotiate.  Why don't you try going to the gym and giving up sweets—except chocolate—for the next month.  Then come back to see me, and we'll see where we are."Adapted from S. Bigi ©2016 Frontiers. Question 1If the patient has not lost any weight after a month, which of the following most reflects self-serving bias?A.The physician believes that the patient is lazy and dishonest about her efforts.B.The physician believes that he has done everything possible to help this patient.C.The patient believes that she actually has lost weight, but that the scale is wrong.D.The patient believes that she failed because the physician would not increase her medication.Submit

Studies suggest that health outcomes for preventable diseases are impacted by delayed treatment and lack of compliance.  People often postpone seeking medical care because they fear hearing bad news from their physician.  Paradoxically, when they finally do see a doctor, they may find out that their disease is indeed serious, but only because treatment was so delayed.Refusal to comply with a physician's instructions is another major issue.  Although there are many reasons for this, one possible explanation is that patients are responding with psychological reactance.  Reactance theory suggests that when an individual perceives that free choice is threatened or limited, he or she may respond by wanting to perform the threatened behavior even more, as if to preserve original freedoms.  For example, if a physician tells a patient to quit smoking, the smoker might respond by smoking even more in an effort to preserve the freedom to smoke.Researchers hypothesize that psychological reactance may be reduced or avoided when physicians communicate with their patients through a process known as deliberation.  In the following example, the physician has already explained to the patient that her weight could be having a negative impact on her diabetes.  The physician, using deliberation, then initiates a dialogue about how the patient would like to address the situation:Physician:  "You are already taking pretty strong medications, so your options are either to change your eating habits or increase your level of exercise.  It's your choice."Patient:  "I think I could exercise more by joining a gym.  I could stop eating dessert, but I would hate to give up chocolate."Physician:  "Okay.  Let's negotiate.  Why don't you try going to the gym and giving up sweets—except chocolate—for the next month.  Then come back to see me, and we'll see where we are."Adapted from S. Bigi ©2016 Frontiers. Question 3Which problem-solving process is best reflected in the exchange between the patient and doctor at the end of the passage?A.HeuristicsB.AlgorithmsC.Trial and errorD.Insight

Cognitive dissonance is a negative force that can make people feel uncomfortable and resistant to change.Question 3Answera.Trueb.False