a scholarly and stoic discourse on the role of masculinity and functions of man in a society and patriarchy of it

Masculinism is an ideology that emphasizes

Masculinism is an ideology that emphasizes:Question 10Answera.Position of males as superior.b.Operations of global economyc.Ideas, attitudes and analysisd.Operations of global politics

We examine how two sociological traditions account for the role of femininities in socialdomination. The masculinities tradition theorizes gender as an independent structureof domination; consequently, femininities that complement hegemonic masculinities aretreated as passively compliant in the reproduction of gender. In contrast, Patricia Hill Collinsviews cultural ideals of hegemonic femininity as simultaneously raced, classed, and gendered.This intersectional perspective allows us to recognize women striving to approximatehegemonic cultural ideals of femininity as actively complicit in reproducing a matrix ofdomination. We argue that hegemonic femininities reference a powerful location in thematrix from which some women draw considerable individual benefits (i.e., a femininitypremium) while shoring up collective benefits along other dimensions of advantage. In theprocess, they engage in intersectional domination of other women and even some men.Our analysis re-enforces the utility of analyzing femininities and masculinities from withinan intersectional feminist framework.Keywordsgender, femininities, masculinities, social inequality, intersectionalityThe Root, an online magazine of Black news, opinions, politics, and culture, published anarticle by writer Michael Harriot in 2017 defining “Becky” as “a white woman who uses herprivilege as a weapon, a ladder or an excuse” (Harriot 2017). He argued that “White woman-hood is a credit card with an unlimited balance. After all, if you are born with the ultimateprivilege of white womanhood, why not use it to your advantage?” Becky also made anappearance in Beyoncé’s 2016 song “Sorry,” in which she calls out “Becky with the goodhair.” Abigail Fisher, plaintiff in the 2016 anti-affirmative action case Fisher v. University ofTexas, was anointed “Becky with the bad grades” (Pettit 2016). Becky, and the earliercolloquial designation of “Miss Ann,” succinctly capture the idea that white women’s racismis gendered.1,21University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA2University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA3Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA4University of Maine, Orono, MECorresponding Author:Laura T. Hamilton, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.Email: [email protected]/0735275119888248Sociological TheoryHamilton et al.research-article2019

Identify masculinity or femininity in the following examples:1. a woman is offered a promotion to a management position, but declines it because she valueswork-life balance over career advancement2. a man is criticized for showing emotions in a work meeting, as his colleagues’ view emotionalexpressiveness as a negative trait3. a company implements policies that prioritize family-friendly benefits, such as flexible workhours and paid parental leave4. a man is praised for his assertiveness and competitiveness in the workplace5. a man is expected to provide for his family financially, as the breadwinner role is a culturalvalue in society6. a culture that prioritizes emotional intelligence and empathy, leading to a more supportive andinclusive work environment7. the company culture values hierarchy and power8. a man who prioritizes work-life balance is seen as less committed to his career9. a man is criticized for taking on care-giving responsibilities for his family, as it goes againstcultural expectations of the role as provider and protector10. a company values risk-taking and innovation, leading to a fast-paced and dynamic workenvironment11. a woman who takes on a leadership role is expected to adopt traits, such as assertiveness andcompetitiveness, to be taken seriously in the workplace12. a culture that values power and status, leading to a hierarchical and unequal work environment13. a manager promoting aggressive and competitive behaviour in the workplace, makingdecisions based on individual achievement and competition14. a male employee being praised for being empathetic and supportive15. a culture prioritizing environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibilityComparative16. a culture promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace17. a culture advocating for a strong welfare state and government support for citizens18. a culture valuing technological advancements and innovation19. a culture promoting the responsible use of technology and protection of the environment20. an economy emphasizing profits and growth over social welfare and equality

PASSAGE The lives of men are just as strongly influenced by gender as those of women. Societal norms and conceptions of masculinity and expectations of men as leaders, husbands or sons create demands on men and shape their behaviour. Men are too often expected to concentrate on the material needs of their families, rather than on the nurturing and caring roles assigned to women. Socialization in the family and later in schools promotes risk-taking behaviour among young men, and this is often reinforced through peer pressure and media stereotypes. So the lifestyles that men’s roles demand often result in their being more exposed to greater risks of morbidity and mortality than women. These risks include ones relating to accidents, violence and alcohol consumption. Choose the correct option. (1 Mark) A social system in which men hold the greatest power, leadership role, privilege and access to resources is called as: OPTIONS Matriachy Patriarchy