The following statements below are characteristics of an effective research title EXCEPT;Group of answer choicesIdentify key variables, both independent and dependent.Research title is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words or descriptive terms and phrases that accurately highlight the core content of the study.Research title can be in the of a question.Use abbreviations if needed.

To answer the question, we need to identify the statement that is NOT a characteristic of an effective research title. Let's analyze each statement:

1. Identify key variables, both independent and dependent: This is a characteristic of an effective research title. It is important to clearly mention the key variables in the title to provide a clear understanding of the study.

2. Research title is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words or descriptive terms and phrases that accurately highlight the core content of the study: This is also a characteristic of an effective research title. A concise and descriptive title helps to accurately convey the main focus of the study.

3. Research title can be in the form of a question: This is a characteristic of an effective research title. Sometimes, research titles are framed as questions to highlight the research problem or objective.

4. Use abbreviations if needed: This is NOT a characteristic of an effective research title. Abbreviations should generally be avoided in research titles as they may not be easily understood by all readers.

Therefore, the statement "Use abbreviations if needed" is the one that is NOT a characteristic of an effective research title.