Read this excerpt from a passage. Unfortunately, saving elephants had a negative economic effect on some people. In 1999, in response to pressure from business interests that were losing money because of the ban on the ivory trade, CITES allowed limited trade in stockpiled tusks. Ivory that already had been harvested from elephants could once again be bought and sold. But disaster for the African elephant followed. Poachers, or illegal hunters, rushed to kill more elephants. Many people had foreseen that illegal trading of ivory would flourish again if any trading at all were allowed. Following the CITES decision, African elephants died in large numbers. A 2014 New York Times editorial reported that approximately 30,000 to 35,000 African elephants were killed each year. Only a complete ban of the ivory trade can save the African elephant from extinction. Which type of logical fallacy appears in this excerpt? Fallacy of the single cause Cherry picking Reversing causal direction Post hoc fallacy
Question
Read this excerpt from a passage. Unfortunately, saving elephants had a negative economic effect on some people. In 1999, in response to pressure from business interests that were losing money because of the ban on the ivory trade, CITES allowed limited trade in stockpiled tusks. Ivory that already had been harvested from elephants could once again be bought and sold. But disaster for the African elephant followed. Poachers, or illegal hunters, rushed to kill more elephants. Many people had foreseen that illegal trading of ivory would flourish again if any trading at all were allowed. Following the CITES decision, African elephants died in large numbers. A 2014 New York Times editorial reported that approximately 30,000 to 35,000 African elephants were killed each year. Only a complete ban of the ivory trade can save the African elephant from extinction. Which type of logical fallacy appears in this excerpt? Fallacy of the single cause Cherry picking Reversing causal direction Post hoc fallacy
Solution 1
The logical fallacy that appears in this excerpt is the Post hoc fallacy. This fallacy is also known as "after this, therefore because of this". It is a fallacy because it assumes that if one event occurred after another, then the first event must have caused the second. In this excerpt, the author assumes that because the limited trade in stockpiled tusks was allowed, it directly caused the increase in poaching and death of elephants. While it may have contributed, it's a fallacy to assume it's the only cause without considering other potential factors.
Solution 2
The logical fallacy that appears in this excerpt is the Post hoc fallacy. This fallacy is committed when it is assumed that because one thing occurred after another, it must have occurred as a result of it. In this case, the author assumes that because the limited trade in stockpiled tusks was allowed, it directly led to the increase in poaching and death of African elephants. While it may have contributed, it's a fallacy to assume it's the only cause without considering other potential factors.
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