The sublimation of dry ice is an endothermic process. The entropy of the systemincreases since the (initial) solid carbon dioxide undergoes a phase transition to a gas.Is the sublimation of dry ice (choose one):a) never spontaneousb) spontaneous only at certain temperaturesc) always spontaneous
Question
The sublimation of dry ice is an endothermic process. The entropy of the systemincreases since the (initial) solid carbon dioxide undergoes a phase transition to a gas.Is the sublimation of dry ice (choose one):a) never spontaneousb) spontaneous only at certain temperaturesc) always spontaneous
Solution
The sublimation of dry ice is spontaneous only at certain temperatures. This is because spontaneity of a process depends on both enthalpy and entropy changes, as well as the temperature. While the sublimation of dry ice is endothermic (positive enthalpy change) and increases the system's entropy (positive entropy change), these factors alone do not determine spontaneity. According to the second law of thermodynamics, for a process to be spontaneous, the change in the system's Gibbs free energy must be negative. The equation for Gibbs free energy is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH is the change in enthalpy, T is the absolute temperature, and ΔS is the change in entropy. Therefore, the sublimation of dry ice can be spontaneous at temperatures where the TΔS term is greater than the ΔH term, making ΔG negative.
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