Fill-in-the-Blanks.Some may be used more than once, others not at all.X-rays and rays are both types of radiations and therefore are capable of removing from atoms. This ionisation of atoms causes the of covalent bonds between and the breaking of these bonds causes damage. When the tissues of the body are , the photons of radiation undergo photoelectric and interactions with cells of the tissues. Energy is transferred to the , resulting in the breaking of the chemical by ionising the atom.

Choose TRUE if the statement is correct, FALSE if otherwise. Ionization, is the process if a wave has enough energy, that it can remove the inner electrons from atoms. Radiation dose is measured in sieverts (Sv) or millisieverts (mSv). Ionizing waves have a severe effect on living tissue by killing cells or damaging DNA. Ultraviolet (UV) rays, X-rays, and Gamma rays are examples of non-ionizing waves. Radiographers take several X-rays each day and their potential dose is much lower. Some exposure to UV radiation is beneficial like skin uses UV radiation from the Sun to make vitamin D but overexposure is generally harmful. Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a number used by sunscreen manufacturers to indicate how much longer youcan stay out in the sun before getting burnt.  Microwaves are radio waves with long wavelengths that causes very slightly absorbed by the body and can cause a minor heating effect.

Describe how radiation can both harm and heal the human body.

describe the uses of x-rays in dentistry

Which of the following reactions involves breaking atoms due to the ionisation of an atom by ionising radiation? (Note - these molecules may not neccesarily be present in the body)Group of answer choicesHCl + γ (photon) → H+ + Cl-CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2OFe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + CuH+ + OH- → H2O

Which of the following statements about gamma rays is incorrect?Gamma rays are used in both medical imaging and radiotherapyGamma rays are produced when there are changes to the nuclei of atomsGamma rays can penetrate the body and can damage, mutate or kill cellsWhen a gamma ray is emitted, the amount of nuclear energy stored within a nucleus increases2Which of the following statements about x-rays is incorrect?X-rays are the second shortest-wavelength type of wave on the electromagnetic spectrum (only gamma rays have shorter wavelengths than x-rays)X-rays are used in both medical imaging and medical treatmentX-rays are produced by the rapid deceleration of free electrons and by changes in the organisation of the electrons that orbit the nuclei of atomsX-rays are absorbed effectively by soft body tissue but pass easily through bone3Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest frequency?Radio wavesMicrowavesUltravioletVisible light4In the visible spectrum, which colour lies between blue and violet?LilacPinkUltravioletIndigo5Which of the following does NOT involve the use of infrared waves?RadiotherapyRemote controlsCookersFibre-optic communications6What a control variable?The variable which is measured in an investigationThe variable which is changed in an investigationA variable which is more important than (at least some of) the other variables in an investigationA variable that is kept constant in an investigation