W. Atrial fibrillation.X.  Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries.Y.  A metastatic tumour entering the circle of Willis.Z.  Hypertension and smoking.Question 12Select one:a.if only W, X and Y are correctb.if only W and Y are correctc.if only X and Z are correctd.if only Z is correcte.if all are correct

Which of the following would increase the risk of ischemic stroke?W. Atrial fibrillation.X.  Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries.Y.  A metastatic tumour entering the circle of Willis.Z.  Hypertension and smoking.Question 12Select one:a.if only W, X and Y are correctb.if only W and Y are correctc.if only X and Z are correctd.if only Z is correcte.if all are correct

Pertaining to ischaemic heart disease (IHD), which of the following statements is/are correct?W. Ventricular fibrillation is more life-threatening than atrial fibrillation.X. Hypertension is a risk factor for development of IHD.Y. An imbalance between oxygen supply and demand underpins all IHD.Z. IHD is always caused by blockage within a coronary artery and subsequent ischaemia.Question 39Select one:a.Only W, X, and Y are correct.b.Only W and Y are correct.c.Only X and Z are correct.d.Only Z is correct.e.All are correct.

Pertaining to cerebrovascular disease (stroke) which of the following statements is/are correct?W. A functional Circle of Willis increases risk for ischaemic stroke.X.  Hypertension increases the risk of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes.Y.  Generally speaking, haemorrhagic strokes occur more frequently than ischaemic strokes.Z.  Generally speaking, haemorrhagic strokes are more damaging than ischaemic strokes.Question 60Select one:a.if only W, X and Y are correctb.if only W and Y are correctc.if only X and Z are correctd.if only Z is correcte.if all are correct

Which of the following pertain to obstructive lung diseases?W. Patients are unable to completely exhale air, leading to increased dead space within the lungs.X.  They lead to a decreased capacity for gas exchange.Y.   Examples are chronic bronchitis and emphysema.Z.   Examples are asbestosis and silicosis.Question 23Select one:a.if only W, X and Y are correctb.if only W and Y are correctc.if only X and Z are correctd.if only Z is correcte.if all are correct

Liver failure can lead to…..W. jaundice due to reduced removal of bilirubin.X.  gynecomastia (breast development in men) due to inability of the liver to metabolise oestrogen.Y.   hepatic encephalopathy due to inability of the liver to detoxify ammonia.Z.  anasarca due to increased albumin production.Question 58Select one:a.if only W, X and Y are correct.b.if only W and Y are correct.c.if only X and Z are correct.d.if only Z is correct.e.if all are correct.